{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T02:16:37Z","timestamp":1767838597568,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University CEU-Cardenal Herrera","award":["Project PRCEU-UCH09-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project PRCEU-UCH09-19"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development","award":["A-024457\/09 and AP\/038991\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-024457\/09 and AP\/038991\/11"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002911","name":"Universidad complutense de madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UCM-Cooperation Program 14-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCM-Cooperation Program 14-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmaniasis affects around 12 million people worldwide and is estimated to cause the ninth-largest disease burden. There are three main forms of the disease, visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL), and mucocutaneous (MCL), leading to more than one million new cases every year and several thousand deaths. Current treatments based on chemically synthesized molecules are far from ideal. In this study, we have tested the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of ursolic acid (UA), a multifunctional triterpenoid with well-known antitumoral, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects on different Leishmania strains. The in vitro antileishmanial activity against the intracellular forms was six and three-fold higher compared to extracellular forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum, respectively. UA also showed to be a potent antileishmanial drug against both VL and CL manifestations of the disease in experimental models. UA parenterally administered at 5 mg\/kg for seven days significantly reduced the parasite burden in liver and spleen not only in murine acute infection but also in a chronic-infection model against L. infantum. In addition, UA ointment (0.2%) topically administered for four weeks diminished (50%) lesion size progression in a chronic infection model of CL caused by L. amazonensis, which was much greater than the effect of UA formulated as an O\/W emulsion. UA played a key role in the immunological response modulating the Th1 response. The exposure of Leishmania-infected macrophages to UA led to a significant different production in the cytokine levels depending on the Leishmania strain causing the infection. In conclusion, UA can be a promising therapy against both CL and VL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T07:29:07Z","timestamp":1584689347000},"page":"1394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Evaluating the Potential of Ursolic Acid as Bioproduct for Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Bilbao-Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Parasitolog\u00eda y Entomolog\u00eda INLASA, Pasaje Rafael Zubieta #1889, (Lado Estado Mayor del ej\u00e9rcito) Zona Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0475-8420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dolores R.","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), Plaza Ramon y Cajal, SN, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2575-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helga Karina","family":"Ruiz Salda\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7823-1904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan J.","family":"Torrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), Plaza Ramon y Cajal, SN, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Bol\u00e1s-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Auxiliadora","family":"Dea-Ayuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departament of Pharmacy, School of Health Science, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, C\/Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia), Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvar, J., V\u00e9lez, I.D., Bern, C., Herrero, M., Desjeux, P., Cano, J., Jannin, J., den Boer, M., and WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team (2012). 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