{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:24:42Z","timestamp":1789521882671,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Korean Ginseng Society","award":["2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite previous reports of anti-aging effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG), the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated possible mechanisms of KRG-mediated anti-aging effects in aged mice. KRG significantly inhibited thymic involution in old mice. Interestingly, KRG only increased protein expression, but not mRNA expression, of aging-related genes Lin28a, GDF-11, Sirt1, IL-2, and IL-17 in the thymocytes of old mice. KRG also modulated the population of some types of immune cells in old mice. KRG increased the population of regulatory T cells and interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3)-expressing natural killer (NK) cells in the spleen of old mice, but serum levels of regulatory T cell-specific cytokines IL-10 and TGF-\u03b2 were unaffected. Finally, KRG recovered mRNA expression of Lin28a, GDF-11, and Sirt1 artificially decreased by concanavalin A (Con A) in both thymocytes and splenocytes of old mice without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that KRG exerts anti-aging effects by preventing thymic involution, as well as modulating the expression of aging-related genes and immune cell subsets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T05:55:16Z","timestamp":1585893316000},"page":"1492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Korean Red Ginseng Plays an Anti-Aging Role by Modulating Expression of Aging-Related Genes and Immune Cell Subsets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5427-386X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun Kuk","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7166-3659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Su","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Kyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haeyeop","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Amjad","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8141-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Youl","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Titorenko, V.I. 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