{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T18:09:31Z","timestamp":1784570971192,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]],"date-time":"2020-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strahlenschutzseminar in Thueringen e.V.","award":["F2015-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F2015-06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Overexpression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) has been shown for a variety of human cancers (e.g., colon, brain, breast, and kidney) and inhibition resulted in intracellular lactate accumulation, acidosis, and cell death. Thus, MCTs are promising targets to investigate tumor cancer metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET). Here, the organ doses (ODs) and the effective dose (ED) of the first 18F-labeled MCT1\/MCT4 inhibitor were estimated in juvenile pigs. Whole-body dosimetry was performed in three piglets (age: ~6 weeks, weight: ~13\u201315 kg). The animals were anesthetized and subjected to sequential hybrid Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography (PET\/CT) up to 5 h after an intravenous (iv) injection of 156 \u00b1 54 MBq [18F]FACH. All relevant organs were defined by volumes of interest. Exponential curves were fitted to the time\u2013activity data. Time and mass scales were adapted to the human order of magnitude and the ODs calculated using the ICRP 89 adult male phantom with OLINDA 2.1. The ED was calculated using tissue weighting factors as published in Publication 103 of the International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP103). The highest organ dose was received by the urinary bladder (62.6 \u00b1 28.9 \u00b5Sv\/MBq), followed by the gall bladder (50.4 \u00b1 37.5 \u00b5Sv\/MBq) and the pancreas (30.5 \u00b1 27.3 \u00b5Sv\/MBq). The highest contribution to the ED was by the urinary bladder (2.5 \u00b1 1.1 \u00b5Sv\/MBq), followed by the red marrow (1.7 \u00b1 0.3 \u00b5Sv\/MBq) and the stomach (1.3 \u00b1 0.4 \u00b5Sv\/MBq). According to this preclinical analysis, the ED to humans is 12.4 \u00b5Sv\/MBq when applying the ICRP103 tissue weighting factors. Taking into account that preclinical dosimetry underestimates the dose to humans by up to 40%, the conversion factor applied for estimation of the ED to humans would rise to 20.6 \u00b5Sv\/MBq. In this case, the ED to humans upon an iv application of ~300 MBq [18F]FACH would be about 6.2 mSv. This risk assessment encourages the translation of [18F]FACH into clinical study phases and the further investigation of its potential as a clinical tool for cancer imaging with PET.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T01:24:18Z","timestamp":1588123458000},"page":"2024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Preclinical Incorporation Dosimetry of [18F]FACH\u2014A Novel 18F-Labeled MCT1\/MCT4 Lactate Transporter Inhibitor for Imaging Cancer Metabolism with PET"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3862-2609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Sattler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5641-7396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Kranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Troms\u00f8 PET Center, University Hospital of North Norway, 9009 Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology Research Group, The Arctic University of Norway, 9009 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7390-3575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalin T.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3119-7945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rare\u015f-Petru","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Toussaint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3168-3062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winnie","family":"Deuther-Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedrich-Alexander","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1425-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Teodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Sattler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Claw Animals, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6844-6637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Sadeghzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Sabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5555-7058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Brust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1126\/science.123.3191.309","article-title":"On the origin of cancer cells","volume":"123","author":"Warburg","year":"1956","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v21.i1.20","article-title":"Warburg effect mechanism as the target for theoretical substantiation of a new potential cancer 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