{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:05:37Z","timestamp":1784088337922,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work aimed to study the anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-oxidant potential effects of low molecular weight (LMW) peptides (Br-p) isolated from burdock (Arctium lappa L.) roots. We conducted a preliminary study to exclude or confirm the antibiotic activity of the LMW peptides fraction of this plant. Br-p were isolated using gel filtration and a 10 kDa cut-off membrane. The obtained peptides were identified by MALDI TOF\/TOF. Antibacterial activity was tested against acne strains using diffusion tests, MIC and MBC. The fibroblast cytotoxicity of Br-p was tested, and the selectivity index (SI) value was determined. The fraction of 46 Br-p peptides isolated from burdock root with a molecular weight below 5000 Da and theoretic pI (isoelectric point) of 3.67\u201311.83 showed a narrow spectrum of activity against Gram-positive acne bacterial strains. One of the Br-p peptides assessed on MALDI RapidDeNovo was LRCDYGRFFASKSLYDPLKKRR cationic peptide. It was analogous to that contained in A. lappa protein, and theoretically it was matched as a peptide with antibiotic nature. Br-p did not show toxicity to fibroblasts in the tested concentration up to 10 mg\/mL, obtaining CC50 10 mg\/mL. The SI value for the tested Propionibacterium strains ranged from 160 to 320. Finally, an active dressing based on chitosan\/alginate\/genipin was prepared using freeze-drying. The formed dressing was evaluated for its anti-acne activity. To sum up: preliminary biological studies confirmed the anti-acne properties of the isolated peptide fraction from burdock root and pointed to the possibility of using it to create an active dressing on the skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T01:24:18Z","timestamp":1588123458000},"page":"2027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Anti-Acne Action of Peptides Isolated from Burdock Root\u2014Preliminary Studies and Pilot Testing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0353-123X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Miazga-Karska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-832 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Michalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epizootiology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9961-4226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazyna","family":"Ginalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-832 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2018, January 02). Central Asian and Eastern European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance. Annual Report 2018. Available online: http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/disease-prevention\/antimicrobial-resistance."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05067.x","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant acne: Lessons from Europe","volume":"148","author":"Ross","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2020, January 08). AMP Database 2020. Available online: http:\/\/aps.unmc.edu\/AP\/main.php."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3390\/ph8040711","article-title":"Antimicrobial Peptides from Plants","volume":"8","author":"Tam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5449","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.15.5449","article-title":"Magainins, a class of antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus skin: Isolation, characterization of two active forms, and partial cDNA sequence of a precursor","volume":"84","author":"Zasloff","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.23.2927","article-title":"Cell membrane lipid composition and distribution: Implications for cell function and lessons learned from photoreceptors and platelets","volume":"200","author":"Schimmel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00056-05","article-title":"Peptide antimicrobial agents","volume":"19","author":"Jenssen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5721","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01065-13","article-title":"New type of antimicrobial protein produced by the plant pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis","volume":"79","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3109\/03009734.2014.899278","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides","volume":"119","author":"Malmsten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ups. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D963","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn655","article-title":"Phytamp: A database dedicated to antimicrobial plant peptides","volume":"37","author":"Hammami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1543","article-title":"A hevein-like protein and a class I chitinase with antifungal activity from leaves of the paper mulberry","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)80641-7","article-title":"Purification and antipathogenic activity of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) from the leaves of Arabidopsis and spinach","volume":"332","author":"Segura","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0031-9317.2004.00259.x","article-title":"Misctletoe viscotoxins induce membrane permeabilization and spore death in phytopathogenic fungi","volume":"121","author":"Giudici","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203053027575","article-title":"Defensins-components of the innate immune system in plants, flowers and stems","volume":"6","author":"Lipkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Protein Pept. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49534-3","article-title":"Analysis of two novel classes of plant antifungal proteins from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds","volume":"267","author":"Terras","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2010.10.008","article-title":"Novel antifungal defensins from Nigella sativa L. seeds","volume":"49","author":"Rogozhin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02016-06","article-title":"Expression of a novel small antimicrobial protein from the seeds of motherwort (Leonurus japonicus) confers disease resistance in tobacco","volume":"73","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2010.12.002","article-title":"Purification biochemical characterization and antifungal activity of a new lipid transfer protein (LTP) from Coffea canephora seeds with \u03b1-amylase inhibitor properties","volume":"4","author":"Zottich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2005.07.015","article-title":"An antimicrobial peptide Ar-AMP from amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds","volume":"66","author":"Lipkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) (2019, February 08). Assessment Report on Arctium lappa L. radix, European Medicines Agency, 2010. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/herbal-report\/final-assessment-report-arctium-lappa-l-radix_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.09.031","article-title":"Antimicrobial assays of Tyree native British plants used In Anglo-Saxon medicine for wound healing formulations in 10th century England","volume":"144","author":"Watkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-15-576","article-title":"Antibacterial, antibiofilm effect of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) leaf fraction and its efficiency in meat preservation","volume":"79","author":"Lou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Prof."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.11.008","article-title":"Mitodepressive, antioxidant antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of Wild-growning Romaniam native Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae) and Veronica perlica Poiret (Plantaginaceae)","volume":"111","author":"Fierascu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.033","article-title":"Polysaccharides from Arctium lappa L.: Chemical structure and biological activity","volume":"91","author":"Carlotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6416","article-title":"Arctium lappa contributes to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose homeostasis and improving oxidative stress: A critical review of in vitro and in vivo animal-based studies","volume":"33","author":"Annunziata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517716341","article-title":"Effects of aqueous extract of Arctium lappa L. roots on serum lipid metabolism","volume":"46","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Ghareb, N., Hanna, P.A., and Said, M.M. (2012). Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole-3-carbinol and (benzimidazolyl-methyl)triazole-3.4-diamine derivatives. Afr. J. Pharm. Sci. Pharm., 41\u201365."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00092-13","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes: From commensal to opportunistic biofilm-associated implant pathogen","volume":"27","author":"Achermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402005000300004","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of Arctium lappa constituents against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections","volume":"16","author":"Pereira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1829","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Arctium lappa as a phytotherapeutic agent used in intracanal dressings","volume":"20","author":"Gentil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1515\/chem-2017-0012","article-title":"Burdock (Arctium lappa) Leaf Extracts Increase the In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Common Antibiotics on Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Pirvu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2008.00407.x","article-title":"Natural Arctium lappa fruit extract improves the clinical signs of aging skin","volume":"7","author":"Knott","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2050697","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Caffeoylquinic Acids and Lignans in Roots and Seeds among Various Burdock (Arctium lappa) Genotypes with High Antioxidant Activity","volume":"60","author":"Jingvi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-014-1550-9","article-title":"Cell-penetrating antimicrobial peptides\u2013prospectives for targeting intracellular infections","volume":"32","author":"Bahnsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharma. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"(2020, February 03). Transpoter Classification Database 2020. Available online: http:\/\/www.tcdb.org\/."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6875","DOI":"10.1021\/jf3006646","article-title":"Antibacterial Action of New Antibacterial Peptides, Nod1 and Nod2, isolated from Nordotis discus discus","volume":"60","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.12008","article-title":"Cell-penetrating peptides as a novel transdermal drug delivery system","volume":"80","author":"Nasrollahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Drug Des."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1139\/o05-037","article-title":"Phaseococcin, an antifungal protein with antiproliferative and anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activities from small scarlet runner beans","volume":"83","author":"Ngai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-013-0280-4","article-title":"Plant antimicrobial peptides","volume":"59","author":"Nawrot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol. (Praha)"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.4.11.9755","article-title":"Plant defensins: Defense. development and application","volume":"4","author":"Stotz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27258","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity, improved cell selectivity and mode of action of short PMAP-36-derived peptides against bacteria and Candida","volume":"6","author":"Lyu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Kizhakkedathu, J.N., and Straus, S.K. (2018). Antimicrobial Peptides: Diversity. Mechanism of Action and Strategies to Improve the Activity and Biocompatibility In Vivo. Biomolecules, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom8010004"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vishnepolsky, B., Zaalishvili, G., Karapetian, M., Nasrashvili, T., Kuljanishvili, N., Gabrielian, A., Rosenthal, A., Hurt, D., Tartakovsky, M., and Grigolava, M. (2019). De novo Design and In Vitro Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12020082"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-25","article-title":"Antioxidative and in vitro antiproliferative activity of Arctium lappa root extracts","volume":"11","author":"Predes","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2012.10.006","article-title":"Hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in Japan and estimated average daily intake of hydrophilic antioxidants from these foods","volume":"29","author":"Takebayashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2015.12.008","article-title":"Caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from the roots of Arctium lappa L. (Burdock) and their structure-activity relationships (SARs) of free radical scavenging activities","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390701425615","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity of Proteins and Peptides","volume":"48","author":"Elias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3136\/fstr.19.1029","article-title":"Purification and Identification of Novel Antioxidant Peptides from Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Ginkgo biloba Seed Proteins","volume":"19","author":"Caie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"79","article-title":"Matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric analysis of intact proteins larger than 100 kDa","volume":"9","author":"Signor","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"(2020, March 01). PeptideMass ExPASy 2020. Available online: https:\/\/web.expasy.org\/peptide_mass\/."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minkiewicz, P., Iwaniak, A., and Darewicz, M. (2019). BIOPEP-UWM database of bioactive peptides Current opportunities. Int. J. Molec. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20235978"},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Murray, P.R., Baron, E.J., Pfaller, M.A., Tenover, F.C., and Yolke, R.H. (1995). Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Mosby Year Book. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.2174\/18715273113129990081","article-title":"The neuroprotective effects of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) on rotenone-induced biochemical changes and apoptosis in brain of rat","volume":"12","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/9\/2027\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:23:55Z","timestamp":1760361835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/9\/2027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules25092027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25092027","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]}}}