{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:49:58Z","timestamp":1760402998678,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT EQUIPMENT GRANT","award":["2017YFC0108504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0108504"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Creatine supplementation of the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with an exercise program is known to be a possible therapy adjuvant with hypoglycemic effects. However, excessive administration of creatine leads to the production of methylamine which is deaminated by the enzyme semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and as a result, cytotoxic compounds are produced. SSAO activity and reaction products are increased in the serum of T2DM patients. Creatine supplementation by diabetics will further augment the activity of SSAO. The current review aims to find a feasible way to ameliorate T2DM for patients who exercise and desire to consume creatine. Several natural agents present in food which are involved in the regulation of SSAO activity directly or indirectly are reviewed. Particularly, zinc-\u03b12-glycoprotein (ZAG), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), histamine\/histidine, caffeine, iron (Fe), and vitamin D are discussed. Inhibiting SSAO activity by natural agents might reduce the potential adverse effects of creatine metabolism in population of T2DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T01:24:18Z","timestamp":1588123458000},"page":"2029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Beneficial Impact of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase Inhibition on the Potential Cytotoxicity of Creatine Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Papukashvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"Rcheulishvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.024","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global Estimates for the Prevalence of Diabetes for 2015 and 2040","volume":"128","author":"Ogurtsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i6.850","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus: The Epidemic of the Century","volume":"6","author":"Kharroubi","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Goyal, R., and Jialal, I. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Stat. Pearls, 2020."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k1497","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1497","article-title":"Prevalence of diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes among US adults in 2016 and 2017: Population based study","volume":"362","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.705","article-title":"Assessing Risk for Development of Diabetes in Young Adults","volume":"5","author":"Mainous","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Fam. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr3382w","article-title":"Exercise Therapy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review","volume":"10","author":"Yanai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-9990","article-title":"Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Colberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-3-1-60","article-title":"The Regulation and Expression of the Creatine Transporter: A Brief Review of Creatine Supplementation in Humans and Animals","volume":"3","author":"Schoch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8197","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CE00508B","article-title":"Structure and Stability of Two Polymorphs of Creatine and Its Monohydrate","volume":"16","author":"Arlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cryst. Eng. Comm."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.03.005","article-title":"Creatine Metabolism and Psychiatric Disorders: Does Creatine Supplementation Have Therapeutic Value?","volume":"36","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-9-33","article-title":"Creatine Supplementation with Specific View to Exercise\/Sports Performance: An Update","volume":"9","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Fatigue in Rats Receiving Doxorubicin Treatment","volume":"11","author":"Torok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181fcee7d","article-title":"Creatine in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"43","author":"Gualano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2014204754","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-204754","article-title":"How the use of creatine supplements can elevate serum creatinine in the absence of underlying kidney pathology","volume":"2014","author":"Williamson","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535020-00002","article-title":"Creatine Supplementation and Exercise Performance: Recent Findings","volume":"35","author":"Bemben","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-9066.170004","article-title":"Effect of taking dietary supplement on hematological and biochemical parameters in male bodybuilders an equation model","volume":"20","author":"Meamar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. J. Nurs. Midwifery. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738117737248","article-title":"Creatine Use in Sports","volume":"10","author":"Butts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.607S","article-title":"Does Dietary Creatine Supplementation Play a Role in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Performance?","volume":"72","author":"Casey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1040153","article-title":"Effects of Creatine Loading and Prolonged Creatine Supplementation on Body Composition, Fuel Selection, Sprint and Endurance Performance in Humans","volume":"104","author":"Oosterlaar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-0855-9","article-title":"Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognitive function in young and old","volume":"40","author":"Rawson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1999.0938","article-title":"Potential Cytotoxic Effect of Chronic Administration of Creatine, a Nutrition Supplement to Augment Athletic Performance","volume":"54","author":"Yu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000176398.64189.e6","article-title":"Effect of Oral Creatine Supplementation on Urinary Methylamine, Formaldehyde, and Formate","volume":"37","author":"Poortmans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-0878-2","article-title":"Studies on the Safety of Creatine Supplementation","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.1.4.311","article-title":"Side Effects of Creatine Supplementation in Athletes","volume":"1","author":"Francaux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports. Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410902838237","article-title":"Urinary Creatine and Methylamine Excretion Following 4 X 5 G X day(-1) or 20 X 1 G X day(-1) of Creatine Monohydrate for 5 Days","volume":"27","author":"Sale","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/37.9.317","article-title":"Simultaneous Determination of Formaldehyde and Methylglyoxal in Urine: Involvement of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase-Mediated Deamination in Diabetic Complications","volume":"37","author":"Deng","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"172","article-title":"The Oxidase Activity of Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1) Is Essential for Function","volume":"2","author":"Noonan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2013.010","article-title":"Toxic Effects of Formaldehyde on the Urinary System","volume":"39","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1637","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00416.2013","article-title":"Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase and Kidney Disease","volume":"305","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-10-26","article-title":"Does long-term creatine supplementation impair kidney function in resistance-trained individuals consuming a high-protein diet?","volume":"10","author":"Lugaresi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/18.2.258","article-title":"Creatine supplementation does not affect kidney function in an animal model with pre-existing renal failure","volume":"18","author":"Taes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.1999.00103.x","article-title":"Elevated Plasma Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase (SSAO) Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Retinopathy","volume":"16","author":"Garpenstrand","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Lin, H., Nien, F., Wu, V., and Jiang, Y. (2016). Serum Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Predicts End-Stage Renal Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147981"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(02)00189-4","article-title":"Serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity is an independent marker of carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"323","author":"Karadi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-008-0070-7","article-title":"Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity and total nitrite and nitrate concentrations in serum: Novel biochemical markers for type 2 diabetes?","volume":"46","author":"Nunes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-009-0174-8","article-title":"Changes in the activities of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in inferior mesenteric artery segments and in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Nunes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"e33273","article-title":"Altered Concentrations of Copper, Zinc, and Iron are Associated With Increased Levels of Glycated Hemoglobin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their First-Degree Relatives","volume":"14","author":"Valizadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papukashvili, D., Rcheulishvili, N., and Deng, Y. (2020). Attenuation of Weight Gain and Prevention of Associated Pathologies by Inhibiting SSAO. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010184"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-008-8053-y","article-title":"Creatine and Its Potential Therapeutic Value for Targeting Cellular Energy Impairment in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"10","author":"Adhihetty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuromol. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27292","article-title":"Neuroprotective Effects of Creatine in the CMVMJD135 Mouse Model of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3","volume":"33","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.04.013","article-title":"Effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function of healthy individuals: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"108","author":"Avgerinos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(95)00062-3","article-title":"Creatine Supplementation in Chronic Heart Failure Increases Skeletal Muscle Creatine Phosphate and Muscle Performance","volume":"30","author":"Gordon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz162","article-title":"Creatine supplementation (3g\/day) and bone health in older women: A 2-year, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"75","author":"Sales","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-016-0124-0","article-title":"Acute and Chronic Safety and Efficacy of Dose Dependent Creatine Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance","volume":"13","author":"Galvan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e31829cdff2","article-title":"Creatine supplementation","volume":"12","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Sports. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Post, A., Tsikas, D., and Bakker, S.J.L. (2019). Creatine is a Conditionally Essential Nutrient in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Hypothesis and Narrative Literature Review. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051044"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-017-0173-z","article-title":"International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine","volume":"14","author":"Kreider","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2015-0134","article-title":"Caffeine and Creatine Content of Dietary Supplements Consumed by Brazilian Soccer Players","volume":"26","author":"Alvares","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-4-6","article-title":"International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Creatine supplementation and exercise","volume":"4","author":"Buford","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3109\/19390211.2010.491507","article-title":"Physicochemical characterization of creatine N-methylguanidinium salts","volume":"7","author":"Gufford","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3109\/19390211.2013.822453","article-title":"pH-Dependent Stability of Creatine Ethyl Ester: Relevance to Oral Absorption","volume":"10","author":"Gufford","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-9-43","article-title":"A buffered form of creatine does not promote greater changes in muscle creatine content, body composition, or training adaptations than creatine monohydrate","volume":"9","author":"Jagim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"272","article-title":"Creatine serum is not as effective as creatine powder for improving cycle sprint performance in competitive male team-sport athletes","volume":"18","author":"Gill","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Strength. Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"311","article-title":"Mg2+-creatine chelate and a low-dose creatine supplementation regimen improve exercise performance","volume":"18","author":"Selsby","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Strength. Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"253","article-title":"Potential Adverse Effects of Creatine Supplement on the Kidney in Athletes and Bodybuilders","volume":"12","author":"Karimzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran. J. Kidney. Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2640651","article-title":"Hydrogen Peroxide Cytotoxicity. Low-Temperature Enhancement by Ascorbate or Reduced Lipoate","volume":"264","author":"Jonas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.8.1573","article-title":"Loss of DNA-protein crosslinks from formaldehyde-exposed cells occurs through spontaneous hydrolysis and an active repair process linked to proteosome function","volume":"21","author":"Quievryn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hjelmes\u00e6th, J., R\u00f8islien, J., Nordstrand, N., Hofs\u00f8, D., Hager, H., and Hartmann, A. (2010). Low serum creatinine is associated with type 2 diabetes in morbidly obese women and men: A cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr. Disord., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-10-6"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1265","article-title":"Lower Serum Creatinine Is a New Risk Factor of Type 2 Diabetes. The Kansai Healthcare Study","volume":"32","author":"Harita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1800222","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800222","article-title":"Arabinoxylan Attenuates Type 2 Diabetes by Improvement of Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Amino Acid Metabolism","volume":"62","author":"Nie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1676-3","article-title":"Creatine supplementation does not impair kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial","volume":"111","author":"Gualano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Creatine supplementation increases soleus muscle creatine content and lowers the insulinogenic index in an animal model of inherited type 2 diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Jijakli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1246-6","article-title":"Creatine-induced glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: A role for AMPK-\u03b1?","volume":"43","author":"Alves","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-011-0905-7","article-title":"Comparison of antihyperglycemic effects of creatine and glibenclamide in type II diabetic patients","volume":"161","author":"Znaor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wien. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-9639(03)00039-6","article-title":"Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity exerts insulin-like effects on glucose metabolism and insulin-signaling pathways in adipose cells","volume":"1647","author":"Zorzano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0562fje","article-title":"Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase overexpression has dual consequences: Insulin mimicry and diabetes-like complications","volume":"18","author":"Stolen","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000134630.68877.2F","article-title":"Origins of Serum Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase","volume":"95","author":"Stolen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.07.004","article-title":"Distribution and Accumulation of Caffeine in Rat Tissues and Its Inhibition on Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase","volume":"33","author":"Baoquan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Xiao, S., Li, Y., Wang, L., Che, B., Zhao, X., and Deng, Y. (2009, January 11\u201313). Potential Toxicity of Chronic Creatine Supplementation in Mice. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (ICBBE 2009), Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBBE.2009.5163209"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0508-1","article-title":"Effects of creatine supplementation on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in sedentary healthy males undergoing aerobic training","volume":"34","author":"Gualano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.07.006","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"496","author":"Reinehr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-0903-9","article-title":"Involvement of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase-Mediated Deamination in Atherogenesis in KKAy Diabetic Mice Fed with High Cholesterol Diet","volume":"45","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201701239R","article-title":"Formaldehyde induces diabetes-associated cognitive impairments","volume":"32","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(92)90067-O","article-title":"Methylamine Metabolism to Formaldehyde by Vascular Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase","volume":"73","author":"Boor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.01.017","article-title":"Diabetes and Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase (SSAO) Activity: A Review","volume":"79","author":"Obata","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1163\/156856003765764335","article-title":"Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase (SSAO): Present and Future","volume":"11","author":"Magyar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/19336918.2019.1638691","article-title":"Caffeine Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced Renal Fibroblast Activation by Antioxidant Mechanism","volume":"13","author":"Nilnumkhum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Adh. Migr."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666141210215655","article-title":"Caffeine: Cognitive and Physical Performance Enhancer or Psychoactive Drug?","volume":"13","author":"Cappelletti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20356","article-title":"Inhibition of Bovine Plasma Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase by Caffeine","volume":"25","author":"Olivieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116668595","article-title":"A case-control field study on the relationships among type 2 diabetes, sleepiness and habitual caffeine intake","volume":"31","author":"Urry","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-016-0126-6","article-title":"Assessment of CYP1A2 enzyme activity in relation to type-2 diabetes and habitual caffeine intake","volume":"13","author":"Urry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. (Lond)"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2017.1287563","article-title":"The impact of coffee consumption on blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Chrysant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-018-0321-8","article-title":"Coffee consumption is positively related to insulin secretion in the Shanghai High-Risk Diabetic Screen ( SHiDS) Study","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. (Lond)"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00547","article-title":"Caffeine consumption and mortality in diabetes: An analysis of NHANES 1999-2010","volume":"9","author":"Neves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.01015","article-title":"Impact of Caffeine Consumption on Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment and Neurochemical Alterations in the Hippocampus","volume":"12","author":"Duarte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e123","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2014.19","article-title":"Effect of chronic coffee consumption on weight gain and glycaemia in a mouse model of obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Rustenbeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"587","article-title":"Mechanism linking diabetes mellitus and obesity","volume":"7","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes. Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v45i2.1477","article-title":"Caffeine modifies blood glucose availability during prolonged low-intensity exercise in individuals with type-2 diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Medeiros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colomb. Med. (Cali)"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00080","article-title":"The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"8","author":"Temple","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.03.044","article-title":"Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Brain Injury: Therapeutic Effects of Cola Nitida Infusion against Redox Imbalance, Cerebellar Neuronal Insults, and Upregulated Nrf2 Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Rats","volume":"127","author":"Erukainure","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.04.017","article-title":"The effect of acute caffeine intake on insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in people with diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Dewar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.8.2047","article-title":"Caffeine impairs glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Lane","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-016-0220-7","article-title":"Acute caffeine ingestion reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2277-1","article-title":"Creatine supplementation and glycemic control: A systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/0265203021000007840","article-title":"Effects of Caffeine on Human Health","volume":"20","author":"Nawrot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200211000-00015","article-title":"Caffeine is ergogenic after supplementation of oral creatine monohydrate","volume":"34","author":"Doherty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1792-0","article-title":"Effect of caffeine ingestion after creatine supplementation on intermittent high-intensity sprint performance","volume":"111","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064941","article-title":"Coffee, Caffeine, and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review","volume":"37","author":"Grosso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001223","article-title":"Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Anhydrous Intake During Creatine Loading","volume":"30","author":"Trexler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strength. Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2014-0193","article-title":"Creatine and caffeine: Considerations for concurrent supplementation","volume":"25","author":"Trexler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000322696","article-title":"Caffeine and creatine use in sport","volume":"57","author":"Tarnopolsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-8-3","article-title":"The effects of a high dosage of creatine and caffeine supplementation on the lean body mass composition of rats submitted to vertical jumping training","volume":"8","author":"Franco","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.11.020","article-title":"Effects of coffee on type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"30","author":"Akash","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.3.566","article-title":"Caffeine ingestion is associated with reductions in glucose uptake independent of obesity and type 2 diabetes before and after exercise training","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"817","article-title":"Creatine monohydrate supplementation on body weight and percent body fat","volume":"17","author":"Kutz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Strength. Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087886","article-title":"Creatine supplementation improves performance above critical power but does not influence the magnitude of neuromuscular fatigue at task failure","volume":"104","author":"Hayes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.183","article-title":"Caffeine intake is related to successful weight loss maintenance","volume":"70","author":"Icken","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2017.00040","article-title":"Coffee with High but Not Low Caffeine Content Augments Fluid and Electrolyte Excretion at Rest","volume":"4","author":"Seal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-019-0332-5","article-title":"Effects of caffeine supplementation on physical performance and mood dimensions in elite and trained-recreational athletes","volume":"17","author":"Jodra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2015.01.011","article-title":"Disclosing caffeine action on insulin sensitivity: Effects on rat skeletal muscle","volume":"70","author":"Sacramento","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1177\/030006051204000620","article-title":"Effects of chronic caffeine administration on blood glucose levels and on glucose tolerance in healthy and diabetic rats","volume":"40","author":"Trujillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000108341","article-title":"Histamine and the regulation of body weight","volume":"86","author":"Knigge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-009-0129-0","article-title":"Histamine oxidation in mouse adipose tissue is controlled by the AOC3 gene-encoded amine oxidase","volume":"59","author":"Wanecq","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000676","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000676","article-title":"Role of dietary histidine in the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"5","author":"DiNicolantonio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1701","article-title":"Histidine augments the suppression of hepatic glucose production by central insulin action","volume":"62","author":"Kimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3757","article-title":"Leptin revisited: Its mechanism of action and potential for treating diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Coppari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20180839","article-title":"Histamine and diabetic nephropathy: An up-to-date overview","volume":"133","author":"Pini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond)."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.09.055","article-title":"Microbially Produced Imidazole Propionate Impairs Insulin Signaling through mTORC1","volume":"175","author":"Koh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"190035","article-title":"Zinc-\u03b12-glycoprotein is an inhibitor of amine oxidase copper-containing 3","volume":"9","author":"Romauch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-07-2195","article-title":"Zinc alpha 2-glycoprotein: A multidisciplinary protein","volume":"6","author":"Hassan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer. Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.141","article-title":"Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein is involved in regulation of body weight through inhibition of lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue","volume":"33","author":"Gong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond)"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0299","article-title":"Downregulation of zinc-{alpha}2-glycoprotein in adipose tissue and liver of obese ob\/ob mice and by tumour necrosis factor-alpha in adipocytes","volume":"204","author":"Mracek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, X.H., Qi, X.Y., Li, J., Wang, Y.B., Wang, Y.D., Liao, Z.Z., Yang, J., Ran, L., Wen, G.B., and Liu, J.H. (2019). Serum zinc-\u03b12-glycoprotein levels are elevated and correlated with thyroid hormone in newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism. BMC Endocr. Disord., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0336-9"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00062","article-title":"Zinc-\u03b12-Glycoprotein Is Associated with Obesity in Chinese People and HFD-Induced Obese Mice","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1590\/s0102-865020160110000001","article-title":"Effect of curcumin on visfatin and zinc-\u03b12-glycoprotein in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta. Cir. Bras."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i36.5451","article-title":"Zinc-\u03b12-glycoprotein 1 attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by negatively regulating tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_585_17","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"22","author":"Dharmalingam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian. J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0940","article-title":"Zinc-\u03b12-glycoprotein is associated with insulin resistance in humans and is regulated by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, or liraglutide administration: Cross-sectional and interventional studies in normal subjects, insulin-resistant subjects, and subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0637","article-title":"Effects of sitagliptin on circulating zinc-\u03b12-glycoprotein levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized trial","volume":"174","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.105","article-title":"Zinc-\u03b12-glycoprotein: An adipokine modulator of body fat mass?","volume":"34","author":"Bing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond)"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carp\u00e9n\u00e9, C., Boulet, N., Chaplin, A., and Mercader, J. (2019). Past, Present and Future Anti-Obesity Effects of Flavin-Containing and\/or Copper-Containing Amine Oxidase Inhibitors. Medicines, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines6010009"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01702-w","article-title":"Role of Zinc in Zinc-\u03b12-Glycoprotein Metabolism in Obesity: A Review of Literature","volume":"193","author":"Severo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Trace. Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"CC04","article-title":"Zinc status in type 2 diabetic patients: Relation to the progression of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"8","author":"Sulieman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukunaka, A., and Fujitani, Y. (2018). Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Obesity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020476"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-017-0571-7","article-title":"Zinc status is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid, and glucose metabolism","volume":"68","author":"Olechnowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Physiol Sci."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40199-015-0127-4","article-title":"Zinc and diabetes mellitus: Understanding molecular mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"17","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Daru"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-016-0877-y","article-title":"Copper in Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Plasma and Serum Studies","volume":"177","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Trace. Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H., Ralle, M., Wolfgang, M.J., Dhawan, N., Burkhead, J.L., Rodriguez, S., Kaplan, J.H., Wong, G.W., Haughey, N., and Lutsenko, S. (2018). Copper-dependent amino oxidase 3 governs selection of metabolic fuels in adipocytes. PLoS Biol., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006519"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K09E-051","article-title":"Role of copper ion in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Tanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161033","article-title":"Diabetes and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Can Elevated Free Copper Predict the Risk of the Disease?","volume":"56","author":"Squitti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers. Dis."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2008.04.005","article-title":"The role of iron in type 2 diabetes in humans","volume":"1790","author":"Rajpathak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1021\/tx015526r","article-title":"Aerobic oxidation of aminoacetone, a threonine catabolite: Iron catalysis and coupled iron release from ferritin","volume":"14","author":"Dutra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0119","article-title":"Iron intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women: A prospective cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Rajpathak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450119666180605112235","article-title":"Pathological Roles of Iron in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"19","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Drug. Targets."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6093587","article-title":"Obesity as an emerging risk factor for iron deficiency","volume":"6","author":"Aigner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_146","first-page":"2451","article-title":"Association between serum Fe levels and obesity: A meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14970","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014970","article-title":"Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients: A meta-analysis of interventional studies","volume":"98","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20170042","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and diabetes","volume":"474","author":"Berridge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v7.i5.89","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease","volume":"7","author":"Nakashima","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-018-3429-2","article-title":"Vitamin D. improves vascular function and decreases monoamine oxidase A expression in experimental diabetes","volume":"453","author":"Sturza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14211","article-title":"Body fat reduction without cardiovascular changes in mice after oral treatment with the MAO inhibitor phenelzine","volume":"175","author":"Mercader","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carp\u00e9n\u00e9, C., G\u00f3mez-Zorita, S., Chaplin, A., and Mercader, J. (2018). Metabolic Effects of Oral Phenelzine Treatment on High-Sucrose-Drinking Mice. Int J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19102904"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.119.259895","article-title":"Oral Phenelzine Treatment Mitigates Metabolic Disturbances in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet","volume":"371","author":"Mercader","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.10.032","article-title":"Antioxidant Role of Vitamin D in Mice With Alloxan-Induced Diabetes","volume":"42","author":"Iqbal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.120695","article-title":"Vitamin D status and its association with antioxidant profiles in diabetic patients: A cross-sectional study in Iran","volume":"67","author":"Saedisomeolia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2012.02.005","article-title":"Acatalasemia and diabetes mellitus","volume":"525","author":"Nagy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1607","article-title":"Catalase Deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Goth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(99)00034-X","article-title":"Catalase and Paraoxonase in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Correlation with Glycemic Control","volume":"32","author":"Sozmen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-012-9383-z","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation modulates blood and tissue zinc, liver glutathione and blood biochemical parameters in diabetic rats on a zinc-deficient diet","volume":"148","author":"Kechrid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.10.043","article-title":"Stability of vitamin D in foodstuffs during cooking","volume":"148","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6882","article-title":"Endogenous functional compounds in Korean native chicken meat are dependent on sex, thermal processing and meat cut","volume":"95","author":"Jayasena","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food. Agric."},{"key":"ref_162","unstructured":"The U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2019s (USDA\u2019s) (2020, April 14). FoodData Central. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Legacy, Nutrients: Caffeine, Available online: https:\/\/fdc.nal.usda.gov."},{"key":"ref_163","unstructured":"Foodb (2020, April 14). Compound L-Histidine FDB011856. Available online: https:\/\/foodb.ca\/compounds\/FDB011856."},{"key":"ref_164","unstructured":"The U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2019s (USDA\u2019s) (2020, April 14). FoodData Central. Zinc, Available online: https:\/\/fdc.nal.usda.gov."},{"key":"ref_165","unstructured":"The U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2019s (USDA\u2019s) (2020, April 14). FoodData Central. Copper, Available online: https:\/\/fdc.nal.usda.gov."},{"key":"ref_166","unstructured":"The U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2019s (USDA\u2019s) (2020, April 14). FoodData Central. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Iron, Release 28 October 22, 2015 11:13 EDT, Available online: https:\/\/fdc.nal.usda.gov."},{"key":"ref_167","unstructured":"The U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2019s (USDA\u2019s) (2020, April 14). FoodData Central. Vitamin D, Available online: https:\/\/fdc.nal.usda.gov."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/9\/2029\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:09:16Z","timestamp":1760364556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/9\/2029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]},"references-count":167,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules25092029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25092029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1420-3049"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]}}}