{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:07:45Z","timestamp":1781618865042,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408369\/2016-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408369\/2016-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AUXPE-CIMAR-1956\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AUXPE-CIMAR-1956\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAPES\/PROCAD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES\/PROCAD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The genus Gracilaria synthesizes sulfated polysaccharides (SPs). Many of these SPs, including those synthesized by the edible seaweed Gracilaria birdiae, have not yet been adequately investigated for their use as potential pharmaceutical compounds. Previous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of sulfated galactans from G. birdiae. In this study, a galactan (GB) was extracted from G. birdiae and evaluated by cell proliferation and antioxidant tests. GB showed no radical hydroxyl (OH) and superoxide (O2\u2212) scavenging ability. However, GB was able to donate electrons in two further different assays and presented iron- and copper-chelating activity. Urolithiasis affects approximately 10% of the world\u2019s population and is strongly associated with calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. No efficient compound is currently available for the treatment of this disease. GB appeared to interact with and stabilize calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals, leading to the modification of their morphology, size, and surface charge. These crystals then acquired the same characteristics as those found in healthy individuals. In addition, GB showed no cytotoxic effect against human kidney cells (HEK-293). Taken together, our current findings highlight the potential application of GB as an antiurolithic agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T01:24:18Z","timestamp":1588123458000},"page":"2055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharide from Edible Red Seaweed Gracilaria birdiae is an Inhibitor of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7088-2625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia Castelo Branco Peroba","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Pol\u00edmeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moacir Fernandes","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Pol\u00edmeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1974-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Pereira","family":"Fidelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Pol\u00edmeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline Rachel Teodosio","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Pol\u00edmeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Barros Gomes","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Pol\u00edmeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Escola Multicampi de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas do Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59300-000 Caic\u00f3, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique Gabriela Chagas Faustino","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Pol\u00edmeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro Silva","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Pol\u00edmeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), 59190-000 Canguaretama, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e1rlio In\u00e1cio Alves","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Pol\u00edmeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raniere Fagundes","family":"Melo-Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Pol\u00edmeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2252-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Alexandre Oliveira","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Pol\u00edmeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2014.05.002","article-title":"Global unbalance in seaweed production, research effort and biotechnology markets","volume":"32","author":"Mazarrasa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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