{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T16:41:16Z","timestamp":1770136876265,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present study, the antibacterial activity of Cornus macrophylla was examined. Organic solvent extracts of leaves were prepared using methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity was examined by using a 100 mg\/mL extract concentration. Penicillin was kept as a positive control while dimethyl sulfoxide was taken as a negative control. Methanolic extract exhibited a 21.5, 36.3, 25.3, and 23.7 mm inhibition zone diameter (IZD); n-hexane showed a 33, 40, 32.8, and 28.7 mm IZD; chloroform showed a 18.8, 29, 22.3, and 21.6 mm IZD; and ethyl acetate showed a 23.5, 30.2, 30, and 22.3 mm IZD against Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas axonopodis, respectively. The n-hexane extract revealed high antibacterial activity against all bacterial species as compared with methanolic, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extract. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC\/MS) analysis of n-hexane extract depicted the presence of 55 compounds. Out of these compounds, one compound, identified as \u03b1-amyrin (Mol. wt = 426), exhibited the maximum peak area (32.64%), followed by A\u2019-Neogammacer-22(29)-en-3-ol, acetate, (3.beta.,21.beta.)- (Mol. wt = 468) and \u03b2-amyrin (Mol. wt = 426) having peak areas of 25.97 and 6.77%, respectively. It was concluded that the antibacterial activity observed during the present investigation may be due to these compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25102395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T10:18:18Z","timestamp":1590142698000},"page":"2395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cornus macrophylla, the Antibacterial Activity of Organic Leaf Extracts and the Characterization of the More Lipophilic Components by GC\/MS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Akbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tayyaba","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Sajjad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Awais","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rehan","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7317-0102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hafiz Muhammad","family":"Waqas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zohaib","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal Iqbal","family":"Jafri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazir","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safeer Akbar","family":"Chohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.11.005","article-title":"Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review","volume":"6","author":"Balouiri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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