{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:08:30Z","timestamp":1792048110988,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]],"date-time":"2020-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotics were initially natural substances. However, nowadays, they also include synthetic drugs, which show their activity against bacteria, killing or inhibiting their growth and division. Thanks to these properties, many antibiotics have quickly found practical application in the fight against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, syphilis, gastrointestinal infections, pneumonia, bronchitis, meningitis and septicemia. Antibiotic resistance is currently a detrimental problem; therefore, in addition to the improvement of antibiotic therapy, attention should also be paid to active metabolites in the body, which may play an important role in exacerbating the existing problem. Taking into account the clinical, cognitive and diagnostic purposes of drug monitoring, it is important to select an appropriate analytical method that meets all the requirements. The detection and identification of the microorganism responsible for the infection is also an essential factor in the implementation of appropriate antibiotic therapy. In recent years, clinical microbiology laboratories have experienced revolutionary changes in the way microorganisms are identified. The MALDI-TOF MS technique may be interesting, especially in some areas where a quick analysis is required, as is the case with clinical microbiology. This method is not targeted, which means that no prior knowledge of the infectious agent is required, since identification is based on a database match.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25112556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1591157529000},"page":"2556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Determination and Identification of Antibiotic Drugs and Bacterial Strains in Biological Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Pauter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland"},{"name":"Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4499-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Szultka-M\u0142y\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogus\u0142aw","family":"Buszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland"},{"name":"Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENG.2017.01.008","article-title":"The Human Microbiota in Health and Disease","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00201911","article-title":"Microorganisms and the natural environment","volume":"2","author":"Trudinger","year":"1967","journal-title":"Miner. 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