{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:32:31Z","timestamp":1790793151949,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ethanol (ethylic alcohol) represents the most commonly used drug worldwide and is often involved in clinical and forensic toxicology. Based on several reports, excessive alcohol consumption is the main contributing factor in traffic accidents, drownings, suicides, and other crimes. For these reasons, it becomes essential to analyze the alcohol concentration during autopsy. Although blood is usually used for alcohol analysis in post-mortem cases, it could suffer alterations, putrefaction, and microbial contaminations. As an alternative to whole blood, vitreous humor has been successfully used in medico-legal studies. In this work, post-mortem specimens were analyzed for ethanol determination. The analysis of blood and vitreous humor were carried-out using gas chromatography-flame ionized detector (GC-FID) with a total run time of 6 min. The method was validated in terms of limit of detection, limit of quantification, dynamic range, sensibility, recovery, precision and trueness. A linear regression analysis indicated a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9981. The study confirmed no statistically differences between alcohol concentration in blood and vitreous humor, leading vitreous humor as an excellent matrix that could be used as an alternative to whole blood in toxicological analysis in cases where blood is not available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:50:49Z","timestamp":1592268649000},"page":"2724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Ethanol Determination in Post-Mortem Samples: Correlation between Blood and Vitreous Humor Concentration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Fabio","family":"Savini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmatoxicology Laboratory\u2014Hospital \u201cSanto Spirito\u201d, Via Fonte Romana 8, 65124 Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Tartaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti\u2013Pescara \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6229-2940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovica","family":"Coccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti\u2013Pescara \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Palestini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of Anti-Degradation Intervention Group (G.I.O.N.A.) of the Municipal Police of the City of Pescara, Commander f.f. of the Municipal Police of Pescara, Via del Circuito 26, 65100 Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"D\u2019Ovidio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Chieti\u2013Pescara \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8648-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugo","family":"de Grazia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Laboratory of Neurological Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe Maria","family":"Merone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti\u2013Pescara \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Bassotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Department Eureka Lab Division, 60033 Chiaravalle, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0840-825X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti\u2013Pescara \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4323\/rjlm.2015.211","article-title":"Study on the relationship between the concentration of ethanol in the blood, urine and the vitreous humour","volume":"23","author":"Ioan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rom. 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