{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:31:51Z","timestamp":1790476311947,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intestinal mucositis, characterized by inflammatory and\/or ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract, occurs due to cellular and tissue damage following treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Rutin (RUT), a natural flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and gastroprotective properties. However, the effect of RUT on inflammatory processes in the intestine, especially on mucositis promoted by antineoplastic agents, has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the role of RUT on 5-FU-induced experimental intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, RUT-50, RUT-100, RUT-200, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + RUT-200 groups. The mice were weighed daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis); malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations; mast and goblet cell counts; and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, as well as to perform immunohistochemical analyses. RUT treatment (200 mg\/kg) prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA concentrations and increasing GSH concentrations. RUT attenuated the inflammatory response by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. These results suggest that the COX-2 pathway is one of the underlying protective mechanisms of RUT against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T12:21:46Z","timestamp":1592482906000},"page":"2786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Role of Rutin in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis: Prevention of Histological Damage and Reduction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"L\u00e1zaro de Sousa","family":"Fideles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus,  Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ant\u00f4nio Leal","family":"de Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus,  Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o da Silva","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus,  Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1652-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lucianny Lima","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus,  Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1863-5701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder Bind\u00e1","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus,  Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Vitor de Souza","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus,  Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio Silva","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus,  Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina Alves Sampaio","family":"Scafuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scafuri Institute of Human Sexuality, 1513 Republic of Lebanon Street, Varjota,  Fortaleza 60175-222, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel de Osterno","family":"Fa\u00e7anha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christus University Center (Unichristus), 133 Adolfo Gurgel Street,  Fortaleza 63010-475, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Erivan Fa\u00e7anha","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus,  Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"},{"name":"Christus University Center (Unichristus), 133 Adolfo Gurgel Street,  Fortaleza 63010-475, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poliana Moreira de Medeiros","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Juazeiro do Norte (UNIJUAZEIRO), 1224 San Francisco Street,  Juazeiro do Norte-CE 63010-475, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel Gustavo","family":"Scafuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus,  Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"},{"name":"Scafuri Institute of Human Sexuality, 1513 Republic of Lebanon Street, Varjota,  Fortaleza 60175-222, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4806-9192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joabe Lima","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Morphology, s\/n Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Bras\u00edlia,  Bras\u00edlia-DF 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jefferson Almeida","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group (QUIMEBIO), Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o (UFMA),  S\u00e3o Bernardo\/MA 65550-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Icaro Gusm\u00e3o Pinto","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technological Development Park, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Humberto Monte Avenue, 2977, Pici Campus,  Fortaleza 60440-900, 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Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bruton, L.L., Chabner, B.A., and Knollmann, B.C. 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