{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:59:15Z","timestamp":1790420355277,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amt f\u00fcr Ausbildungsbeitr\u00e4ge of the Canton Basel-Stadt , The Emilia Guggenheim-Schnurr Foundation","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A screening of Sudanese medicinal plants for antiprotozoal activities revealed that the chloroform and water fractions of the ethanolic root extract of Haplophyllum tuberculatum exhibited appreciable bioactivity against Leishmania donovani. The antileishmanial activity was tracked by HPLC-based activity profiling, and eight compounds were isolated from the chloroform fraction. These included lignans tetrahydrofuroguaiacin B (1), nectandrin B (2), furoguaiaoxidin (7), and 3,3\u2032-dimethoxy-4,4\u2032-dihydroxylignan-9-ol (10), and four cinnamoylphenethyl amides, namely dihydro-feruloyltyramine (5), (E)-N-feruloyltyramine (6), N,N\u2032-diferuloylputrescine (8), and 7\u2032-ethoxy-feruloyltyramine (9). The water fraction yielded steroid saponins 11\u201313. Compounds 1, 2, and 5\u201313 are reported for the first time from Haplophyllum species and the family Rutaceae. The antiprotozoal activity of the compounds plus two stereoisomeric tetrahydrofuran lignans\u2014fragransin B2 (3) and fragransin B1 (4)\u2014was determined against Leishmania donovani amastigotes, Plasmodium falciparum, and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream forms, along with their cytotoxicity to rat myoblast L6 cells. Nectandrin B (2) exhibited the highest activity against L. donovani (IC50 4.5 \u00b5M) and the highest selectivity index (25.5).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T12:19:55Z","timestamp":1592569195000},"page":"2825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Lignans, Amides, and Saponins from Haplophyllum tuberculatum and Their Antiprotozoal Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2500-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelhalim Babiker","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, 11111 Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9323-7079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ombeline","family":"Danton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aitor","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruker BioSpin, 8117 F\u00e4llanden, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shereen","family":"Abd Algaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, 14411 Omdurman, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, 11111 Khartoum, Sudan"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, 14411 Omdurman, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0761-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won Keun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9331-273X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Hamburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3122-1941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"M\u00e4ser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hotez, P.J., Alvarado, M., Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez, M.-G., Bolliger, I., Bourne, R., Boussinesq, M., Brooker, S.J., Brown, A.S., Buckle, G., and Budke, C.M. 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