{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:05:43Z","timestamp":1778598343979,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000019"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDTi Innterconecta Mytitox"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDTi Innterconecta Mytitox"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ibuprofen is one of the most widely used pharmaceuticals, and due to its inefficient removal by conventional wastewater treatment, it can be found in natural surface waters at high concentrations. Recently, we demonstrated that the TpBD-(CF3)2 covalent organic framework (COF) can adsorb ibuprofen from ultrapure water with high efficiency. Here, we investigate the performance of the COF for the extraction of ibuprofen from natural water samples from a lake, river, and estuary. In general, the complexity of the natural water matrix induced a reduction in the adsorption efficiency of ibuprofen as compared to ultrapure water. The best performance, with over 70% adsorption efficiency, was found in lake water, the sample which featured the lowest pH. According to the theoretical calculations, ibuprofen more favorably interacts with the COF pores in the protonated form, which could partially account for the enhanced adsorption efficiency found in lake water. In addition, we explored the effect of the presence of competing pharmaceuticals, namely, acetaminophen and phenobarbital, on the ibuprofen adsorption as binary mixtures. Acetaminophen and phenobarbital were adsorbed by TpBD-(CF3)2 with low efficiency and their presence led to an increase in ibuprofen adsorption in the binary mixtures. Overall, this study demonstrates that TpBD-(CF3)2 is an efficient adsorbent for the extraction of ibuprofen from natural waters as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25143132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T09:45:31Z","timestamp":1594374331000},"page":"3132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Extraction of Ibuprofen from Natural Waters Using a Covalent Organic Framework"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5974-0124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soraia P. S.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit (QOPNA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6665-8441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelkarim","family":"Mellah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"National Polytechnic School, Environmental Engineering Department, Laboratory of Sciences and Environmental Techniques, 10 Avenue Hacen Badi, BP182 El Harrach, Algiers 16200, Algeria"},{"name":"Centre for Scientific and Technical Research on Arid Regions Omar El Bernaoui\u2014CRSTRA, University Campus, Med Kheider BP 1682 R.P, Biskra 07000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Kov\u00e1\u0159","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3374-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa P.","family":"S\u00e1rria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5390-7015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"P\u0161eni\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harik","family":"Djamila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Polytechnic School, Environmental Engineering Department, Laboratory of Sciences and Environmental Techniques, 10 Avenue Hacen Badi, BP182 El Harrach, Algiers 16200, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8194-6014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura M.","family":"Salonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7645-2834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Espi\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2018.07.118","article-title":"Hybrid membrane filtration-advanced oxidation processes for removal of pharmaceutical residue","volume":"532","author":"Rosman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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