{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:15:15Z","timestamp":1773706515064,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity, the antioxidant potential, and the chemical profile obtained from the whole fruit and from leaves of Garcinia gardneriana, a fruit tree from Brazilian Cerrado. To determine in vitro antiproliferative activity, the following neoplastic cell lines were considered, along with an immortalized nontumor cell line. The antioxidant potential was determined, and the evaluation of antiradical air activity was performed. The levels of vitamin C and carotenoids were determined. The chemical profile was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and a mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization interface. The chloroform fraction of the leaf showed antioxidant activity. The vitamin C content had lower values in fruits and higher in leaves. The content of carotenoids for fruits and leaves was expressive. The ethanolic extract and the hexane and chloroform fractions of fruits were active in all neoplastic lines tested. The leaves showed cytotoxic activity in the hexane fraction in the breast carcinoma line. The analysis of data obtained verified the presence of dimers, monomers, and tetramers of hexoses, polycarboxylic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, biflavonoids, and benzophenones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25143201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T05:10:30Z","timestamp":1595394630000},"page":"3201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Antiproliferative Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts of Garcinia gardneriana"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Simone da Cunha","family":"Demenciano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0787-1074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magalli Costa Barbosa Lima e","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline Almeida Farias","family":"Alexandrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson Hino","family":"Kato Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)\u2014Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3977-3556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia de Oliveira","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)\u2014Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walmir Silva","family":"Garcez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)\u2014Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel Pires","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)\u2014Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita de C\u00e1ssia Avellaneda","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulana Chaves","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Foods, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Bogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.01.037","article-title":"Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of 18 non-traditional tropical fruits from Brazil","volume":"121","author":"Rufino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)80095-3","article-title":"Xanthones, xanthonolignoids and other constituents of the roots of vismia guaramirangae","volume":"22","author":"Monache","year":"1983","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)83485-8","article-title":"Minor xanthones from Rheedia gardneriana","volume":"23","author":"Monache","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(89)80170-0","article-title":"Xantonas grom Guttiferae","volume":"4","author":"Bennett","year":"1989","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1021\/np0304971","article-title":"Antioxidant Xanthones fromGarcinia vieillardii","volume":"67","author":"Hay","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(96)00421-9","article-title":"Trioxygenated naturally occurring xanthones","volume":"44","author":"Peres","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)00303-4","article-title":"Tetraoxygenated naturally occurring xanthones","volume":"55","author":"Peres","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1021\/np50036a033","article-title":"Chemical investigation of the genus Rheedia. V. biflavonoids and xanthochymol","volume":"47","author":"Botta","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(01)00521-3","article-title":"Cancer chemopreventive agents, 4-phenylcoumarins from Calophyllum inophyllum","volume":"169","author":"Itoigawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(74)80109-3","article-title":"A benzophenone and xanthone with unusual hydroxylation patterns from the heartwood of Garcinia pedunculata","volume":"13","author":"Rao","year":"1974","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(97)80060-8","article-title":"Isolation of biflavonoids with analgesic activity from Rheedia gardneriana leaves","volume":"4","author":"Luzzi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.05.021","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of garciniabrasiliensis extracts","volume":"124","author":"Naves","year":"2019","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S110","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.2007.S110","article-title":"Prevention of mitochondrial oxidative damage as a therapeutic strategy in diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Green","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20176069","article-title":"Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity from peels and seeds of melon (Cucumismelo L. var. reticulatus) and their antiproliferative effect in cancer cells","volume":"51","author":"Rolim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Complex Puzzle of Interactions Among Functional Food, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.02.191","article-title":"Determination of bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and chemical composition of Cerrado Brazilian fruits","volume":"134","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.210330","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of fruit rind extract of Garcinia dulcis (Roxburgh) Kurz","volume":"9","author":"Neog","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0023-6438(95)80008-5","article-title":"Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity","volume":"28","author":"Cuvelier","year":"1995","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.10.001","article-title":"Comprehensive characterization and antioxidant activities of the main biflavonoids of Garcinia madruno: A novel tropical species for developing functional products","volume":"27","author":"Cossio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2016.09.018","article-title":"Antimalarial polyoxygenated and prenylated xanthones from the leaves and branches of Garcinia mckeaniana","volume":"72","author":"Auranwiwat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"233","article-title":"New flavonoid C\u2013O\u2013C dimers and other chemical constituents from Garcinia brevipedicellata stem heartwood","volume":"71","author":"Abderamane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Z. Nat. C"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, H., Chen, B., Zhang, Y., Ou, H., Li, Y., Li, S., Shi, P., and Lin, X. (2017). Analysis of the Total Biflavonoids Extract from Selaginella doederleinii by HPLC-QTOF-MS and Its In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Effects. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22020325"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2016.12.033","article-title":"Two new benzoyl glucuronosyl glycerols from the leaves of Garcinia buchananii Baker","volume":"19","author":"Stark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.09.041","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of multi-class bioactive constituents for quality assessment of Garcinia species using UHPLC\u2013QqQ LIT \u2013MS\/MS","volume":"77","author":"Pandey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"2338","article-title":"Chemical constituents from twigs of Garcinia xipshuanbannaensis","volume":"34","author":"Na","year":"2009","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6419","article-title":"Identification of xanthones fromSwertia puniceausing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"26","author":"Du","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.08.009","article-title":"Gastroprotective xanthones isolated from Garcinia achachairu: Study on mucosal defensive factors and H+, K+-ATPase activity","volume":"258","author":"Mariano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Interact."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2015.12.061","article-title":"Comparative UPLC-QTOF-MS-based metabolomics and bioactivities analyses of Garcinia oblongifolia","volume":"1011","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2015.10.003","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of benzophenone and xanthone derivatives isolated from Garcinia (Clusiaceae) species","volume":"14","author":"Dzoyem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.10.045","article-title":"Determination of catechins and flavonol glycosides in Chinese tea varieties","volume":"132","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.2954","article-title":"Identification and characterization of proanthocyanidins of 16 members of the Rhododendron genus (Ericaceae) by tandem LC-MS","volume":"47","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"71","article-title":"Assays related to cancer drug discovery","volume":"Volume 6","author":"Hostettmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Methods in Plant Biochemistry: Assays for Bioactivity"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi1947.114.2_129","article-title":"Antioxidant Constituents from the Fruit Hulls of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Originating in Vietnam","volume":"114","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Yakugaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.727","article-title":"Approach to the study of C-glycosyl flavones by ion trap HPLC-PAD-ESI\/MS\/MS: Application to seeds of quince (Cydonia oblonga)","volume":"14","author":"Ferreres","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2017.10.043","article-title":"Depsidone and xanthones from Garcinia xanthochymus with hypoglycemic activity and the mechanism of promoting glucose uptake in L6 myotubes","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-012-1004-z","article-title":"Benzophenone and xanthone derivatives from the inflorescences of Garcinia cowa","volume":"35","author":"Trisuwan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2011.0043","article-title":"7-epiclusianone, the natural prenylated benzophenone, inhibits superoxide anions in the neutrophil respiratory burst","volume":"15","author":"Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/mrc.2166","article-title":"Complete assignment of the1H and13C NMR spectra of garciniaphenone and keto-enol equilibrium statements for prenylated benzophenones","volume":"46","author":"Derogis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.03.006","article-title":"Antimicrobial prenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives and xanthones from the leaves of Garcinia goudotiana","volume":"102","author":"Mahamodo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2003.12.023","article-title":"Antibacterial and brine shrimp lethality tests of biflavonoids and derivatives of Rheedia gardneriana","volume":"75","author":"Verdi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NP00073D","article-title":"Fragmentation reactions using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: An important tool for the structural elucidation and characterization of synthetic and natural products","volume":"33","author":"Demarque","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100-204x2017001000013","article-title":"Composition, content of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of fruit pulps from the Brazilian Amazon biome","volume":"52","author":"Virgolin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pesqui. Agropecu. Brasileira"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.1021\/jf020071c","article-title":"Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (VCEAC) of Phenolic Phytochemicals","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384S","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.003517","article-title":"Health-Promoting Components of Fruits and Vegetables in the Diet12","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2006.02.012","article-title":"Effect of storage on the content of polyphenols, vitamin C and the antioxidant activity of orange juices","volume":"20","author":"Klimczak","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-52732007000500009","article-title":"Carotenoids: A Possible protection against cancer development","volume":"5","author":"Gomes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.11.018","article-title":"Phenolics from hull of Garcinia mangostana fruit and their antioxidant activities","volume":"104","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2012.05.003","article-title":"Benzophenones and xanthones from Garcinia cantleyana var. cantleyana and their inhibitory activities on human low-density lipoprotein oxidation and platelet aggregation","volume":"80","author":"Jantan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.07.023","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Garcinia kola seeds","volume":"47","author":"Okoko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00245-2","article-title":"Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumour-promoting and cytotoxic activities of different plant part extracts of Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders","volume":"72","author":"Mackeen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.01.068","article-title":"Identification and evaluation of apoptotic compounds from Garcinia oligantha","volume":"22","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520220140","article-title":"Anti-adipogenic effects of Garcinia extract on the lipid droplet accumulation and the expression of transcription factor","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.04.133","article-title":"Cytotoxic and antioxidant constituents from Garcinia subelliptica","volume":"135","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.03.001","article-title":"Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis and Passiflora alata) extracts on stimulated neutrophils and myeloperoxidase activity assays","volume":"128","author":"Zeraik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(01)00571-7","article-title":"Inhibition of green tea catechins against the growth of cancerous human colon and hepatic epithelial cells","volume":"170","author":"Uesato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.176","article-title":"A Green Tea Extract High in Catechins Reduces Body Fat and Cardiovascular Risks in Humans","volume":"15","author":"Nagao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2003.09.048","article-title":"Antiproliferation, antioxidation and induction of apoptosis Bygarcinia mangostana (Mangosteen) on SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line","volume":"90","author":"Moongkarndi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cano-Campos, M., D\u00edaz-Camacho, S., Uribe-Beltr\u00e1n, M., L\u00f3pez-Angulo, G., Montes-Avila, J., Paredes-L\u00f3pez, O., and Delgado-Vargas, F. (2011). Bio-guided fractionation of the antimutagenic activity of methanolic extract from the fruit of Randia echinocarpa (Sess\u00e9 et Moci\u00f1o) against 1-nitropyrene. Food Res. Int.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.08.006"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"89","article-title":"Flavonoid constituents of Garcinia xanthochymus leaves","volume":"65","author":"Parveen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phytother. Milano"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1021\/jf052649z","article-title":"Antioxidant Xanthones from the Pericarp of Garcinia mangostana(Mangosteen)","volume":"54","author":"Jung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.01.030","article-title":"New xanthones and cytotoxic constituents from Garcinia mangostana fruit hulls against human hepatocellular, breast, and colorectal cancer cell lines","volume":"198","author":"Mohamed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.05.002","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and two biflavonoids from Garcinia gardneriana leaves in mouse paw oedema","volume":"118","author":"Castardo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1002\/mrc.2317","article-title":"Structure elucidation and NMR spectral assignment of five new xanthones from the bark of Garcinia xanthochymus","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.27.141","article-title":"Trypanocidal constituents in plants 3 Leaves of Garcinia intermedia and heartwood of Calophyllum brasiliense","volume":"27","author":"Abe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"1363","article-title":"Isolation and activity of two antibacterial bioflavonoids from leaf extracts of Garcinia livingstonei (Clusiaceae)","volume":"10","author":"Kaikabo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1021\/np9803833","article-title":"Biologicalactivitiesof 7-Epiclusianone","volume":"62","author":"Alves","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"40","article-title":"Effects of 7-epiclusianone on Streptococcus mutans and caries development in rats","volume":"77","author":"Murata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2005.01.014","article-title":"Vascular effects of 7-epiclusianone, a prenylated benzophenone from Rheedia gardneriana, on the rat aorta","volume":"13","author":"Cruz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-981534","article-title":"Antianaphylactic Properties of 7-Epiclusianone, a Tetraprenylated Benzophenone Isolated from Garcinia brasiliensis","volume":"73","author":"Neves","year":"2007","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01117.x","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of 7-epiclusianone on glucan synthesis, acidogenicity and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans","volume":"282","author":"Murata","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/14\/3201\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:51:07Z","timestamp":1760176267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/14\/3201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules25143201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25143201","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]}}}