{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:14:37Z","timestamp":1790741677061,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCVGH-1056301A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1056301A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anesthetics, particularly volatile anesthetics, have been shown to impair glucose metabolism and cause hyperglycemia, closely linking them with mortality and morbidity as related to surgery. Beyond being an anesthetic used for general anesthesia and sedation, intravenous hypnotic propofol displays an effect on glucose metabolism. To extend the scope of propofol studies, its effects on glucose metabolism were evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats of various ages. Unlike chloral hydrate and isoflurane, propofol had little effect on basal glucose levels in rats at 2 months of age, although it did reduce chloral hydrate- and isoflurane-induced hyperglycemia. Propofol reduced postload glucose levels after either intraperitoneal or oral administration of glucose in both 7- and 12-month-old rats, but not those at 2 months of age. These improved effects regarding propofol on glucose metabolism were accompanied by an increase in insulin, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Additionally, an increase in hepatic FGF-21 expression, GLP-1 signaling, and FGF-21 signaling, along with a decrease in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, were noted in propofol-treated rats at 7 months of age. Current findings imply that propofol may turn into insulin-sensitizing molecules during situations of existing insulin resistance, which involve FGF-21, GLP-1, and ER stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25143229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T07:31:28Z","timestamp":1595403088000},"page":"3229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Propofol Improved Glucose Tolerance Associated with Increased FGF-21 and GLP-1 Production in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Chih-Cheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Financial Engineering, Providence University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Data Science and Big Data Analytics, Providence University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Jen","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1901-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsiang","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Lan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4625-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanhorebeek, I., Gunst, J., and Van den Berghe, G. 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