{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:57:24Z","timestamp":1787029044548,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["Almaarefa University provided financial support of this article"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Almaarefa University provided financial support of this article"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare doxycycline polymeric nanoparticles (DOXY-PNPs) with hope to enhance its chemotherapeutic potential against solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC). Methods: Three DOXY-PNPs were formulated by nanoprecipitation method using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as a polymer. The prepared DOXY-PNPs were evaluated for the encapsulation efficiency (EE%), the drug loading capacity, particle size, zeta potential (ZP) and the in-vitro release for selection of the best formulation. PNP number 3 was selected for further biological testing based on the best pharmaceutical characters. PNP3 (5 and 10 mg\/kg) was evaluated for the antitumor potential against SEC grown in female mice by measuring the tumor mass as well as the expression and immunohistochemical staining for the apoptosis markers; caspase 3 and BAX. Results: The biological study documented the greatest reduction in tumor mass in mice treated with PNP3. Importantly, treatment with 5 mg\/kg of DOXY-PNPs produced a similar chemotherapeutic effect to that produced by 10 mg\/kg of free DOXY. Further, a significant elevation in mRNA expression and immunostaining for caspase 3 and BAX was detected in mice group treated with DOXY-PNPs. Conclusions: The DOXY-PNPs showed greater antitumor potential against SEC grown in mice and greater values for Spearman\u2019s correlation coefficients were detected when correlation with tumor mass or apoptosis markers was examined; this is in comparison to free DOXY. Hence, DOXY-PNPs should be tested in other tumor types to further determine the utility of the current technique in preparing chemotherapeutic agents and enhancing their properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25143230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T07:31:28Z","timestamp":1595403088000},"page":"3230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Doxycycline Polymeric Nanoparticles: Effect on Tumor Apoptosis in Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5387-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed R.","family":"Gardouh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, 21110 Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, 71666 Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8425-8946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman T.","family":"Enan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaaeldeen M.","family":"Elbahaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6741-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rania A.","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, 71666 Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-Shafey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiological Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, 2537 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal M.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suliman Y.","family":"Alomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doping Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zinab Abd-Elhady","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Skills Lab Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9688-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sawsan A.","family":"Zaitone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8733-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona K.E.","family":"Qushawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-Arish, North Sinai 45511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23669-9","article-title":"Subcutaneous Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma mice model for studying cancer-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"8","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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