{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:23:30Z","timestamp":1773008610547,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01-01-18-2023FR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-01-18-2023FR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Watermelon, a widely commercialized fruit, is famous for its thirst-quenching property. The broad range of cultivars, which give rise to distinct color and taste, can be attributed to the differences in their chemical profile, especially that of the carotenoids and volatile compounds. In order to understand this distribution properly, water extracts of red and yellow watermelon pulps with predominantly polar metabolites were subjected to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis. Deuterium oxide (D2O) and deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) solvents were used to capture both polar and non-polar metabolites from the same sample. Thirty-six metabolites, of which six are carotenoids, were identified from the extracts. The clustering of the compounds was determined using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and further grouping was achieved using supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The presence of lycopene, \u03b2-carotene, lutein, and prolycopene in the red watermelon plays an important role in its differentiation from the yellow cultivar. A marked difference in metabolite distribution was observed between the NMR solvents used as evidenced from the PCA model. OPLS-DA and relative quantification of the metabolites, on the other hand, helped in uncovering the discriminating metabolites of the red and yellow watermelon cultivars from the same solvent system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25143235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T07:31:28Z","timestamp":1595403088000},"page":"3235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Metabolite Profiles of Red and Yellow Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Cultivars Using a 1H-NMR Metabolomics Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7611-4301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadzil","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amalina","family":"Ahmad Azam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Safwan","family":"Ahamad Bustamam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharida","family":"Fakurazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8110-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faridah","family":"Abas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yee Xuan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atira Adriana","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siti Munirah","family":"Mohd Faudzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3960-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Intan Safinar","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00576","article-title":"Chemometric methods for spectroscopy-based pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"6","author":"Biancolillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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