{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:46:49Z","timestamp":1789501609204,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.363006\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.363006\/2019-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/010.001759\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/010.001759\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arrabidaea chica Verlot (crajiru) is a plant used in folk medicine as an astringent, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and to treat fungal and viral diseases such as measles chickenpox and herpes. Arrabidaea chica has several morphotypes recognized but little is known about its chemical variability. In the present study the anthocyanidin profile of A. chica morphotypes collected in two seasons (summer and winter) have been examined and their activity against Leishmania infection compared. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD-UV) and by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-MS\/MS) were used for anthocyanidin separation and identification. Antileishmanial activity was measured against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Multivariate analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson\u2019s correlation were performed to classify morphotypes accordingly to their anthocyanidin profile. The presence of 6,7,3\u2032,4\u2032-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxyflavylium (3\u2032-hydroxy-carajurone) (1), carajurone (2), 6,7,3\u2032-trihydroxy-5,4\u2032-dimethoxy-flavylium (3\u2032-hydroxy-carajurin) (3) and carajurin (4), and three unidentified anthocyanidins were detected. Two different groups were recognized: group I containing 3\u2032-hydroxy-carajurone; and group II with high content of carajurin. Among anthocyanidins identified in the extracts, only carajurin showed significant statistical correlation (p = 0.030) with activity against L. amazonensis. Carajurin could thus be considered as a pharmacological marker for the antileishmanial potential of the species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25153547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T09:02:48Z","timestamp":1596445368000},"page":"3547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Influence of Anthocyanidin Profile on Antileishmanial Activity of Arrabidaea chica Morphotypes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Carla Junqueira","family":"Moragas-Tellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Department, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute-Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0047-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Almeida-Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65055-310, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria do Socorro dos Santos","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Department, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute-Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Victor Ramos de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Department, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute-Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Victor","family":"Silva-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4443-1008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ygor Jess\u00e9","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Department, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute-Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davyson de Lima","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Department, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute-Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e1tia da Silva","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Dutra","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Department, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute-Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Bignoniaceae","volume":"7","author":"Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kubitzki, K. 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