{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:48:47Z","timestamp":1781250527924,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Emberi Er\u0151forr\u00e1s Fejleszt\u00e9si Operat\u00edv Program","award":["EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00008"]}]},{"name":"Gazdas\u00e1gfejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Operat\u00edv Program","award":["GINOP-2.3.2 STAY ALIVE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GINOP-2.3.2 STAY ALIVE"]}]},{"name":"New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities, Hungary","award":["\u00daNKP-19-3-III-PTE-211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u00daNKP-19-3-III-PTE-211"]}]},{"name":"J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences","award":["BO\/0004\/18\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO\/0004\/18\/5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyme (TO), cinnamon (CO), and Ceylon type lemongrass (LO) essential oils (EOs) are commonly used for inhalation. However, their effects and mechanisms on inflammatory processes are not well-documented, and the number of in vivo data that would be important to determine their potential benefits or risks is low. Therefore, we analyzed the chemical composition and investigated the activity of TO, CO, and LO on airway functions and inflammatory parameters in an acute pneumonitis mouse model. The components of commercially available EOs were measured by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. Airway inflammation was induced by intratracheal endotoxin administration in mice. EOs were inhaled during the experiments. Airway function and hyperresponsiveness were determined by unrestrained whole-body plethysmography on conscious animals. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured by spectrophotometry from lung tissue homogenates, from which semiquantitative histopathological scores were assessed. The main components of TO, CO, and LO were thymol, cinnamaldehyde, and citronellal, respectively. We provide here the first evidence that TO and CO reduce inflammatory airway hyperresponsiveness and certain cellular inflammatory parameters, so they can potentially be considered as adjuvant treatments in respiratory inflammatory conditions. In contrast, Ceylon type LO inhalation might have an irritant effect (e.g., increased airway hyperresponsiveness and MPO activity) on the inflamed airways, and therefore should be avoided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25153553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T10:45:17Z","timestamp":1596537917000},"page":"3553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of Thymus vulgaris L., Cinnamomum verum J.Presl and Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle Essential Oils in the Endotoxin-induced Acute Airway Inflammation Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Eszter","family":"Csik\u00f3s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kata","family":"Csek\u0151","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Reza","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Kem\u00e9ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Kereskai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9la","family":"Kocsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"B\u00f6sz\u00f6rm\u00e9nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"Helyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"PharmInVivo Ltd., H-7629 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5344-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gy\u00f6rgyi","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2020, July 16). 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