{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:08:37Z","timestamp":1791558517095,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a tool used to integrate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics knowledge to optimize and personalize various drug therapies. The optimization of drug dosing may improve treatment outcomes, reduce toxicity, and reduce the risk of developing drug resistance. To adequately implement TDM, accurate and precise analytical procedures are required. In clinical practice, blood is the most commonly used matrix for TDM; however, less invasive samples, such as dried blood spots or non-invasive saliva samples, are increasingly being used. The choice of sample preparation method, type of column packing, mobile phase composition, and detection method is important to ensure accurate drug measurement and to avoid interference from matrix effects and drug metabolites. Most of the reported procedures used liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) techniques due to its high selectivity and sensitivity. High-performance chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) methods are also used when a simpler and more cost-effective methodology is desired for clinical monitoring. The application of high-performance chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) with and without derivatization processes and high-performance chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) techniques for the analysis of various drugs in biological samples for TDM have been described less often. Before chromatographic analysis, samples were pretreated by various procedures\u2014most often by protein precipitation, liquid\u2013liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction, rarely by microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction. The aim of this article is to review the recent literature (2010\u20132020) regarding the use of liquid chromatography with various detection techniques for TDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25174026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T11:22:43Z","timestamp":1599132163000},"page":"4026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Review of Chromatographic Methods Coupled with Modern Detection Techniques Applied in the Therapeutic Drugs Monitoring (TDM)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3729-3196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Tuzimski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3294-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Petruczynik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.120619","article-title":"A review of bioanalytical methods for the therapeutic drug monitoring of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients: Evaluation of the approaches used to develop and validate quality attributes","volume":"210","author":"Caro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinms.2018.10.002","article-title":"Mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-tuberculosis drugs","volume":"14","author":"Kuhlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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