{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:08:49Z","timestamp":1767373729356,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of mortality among gynecological tumors. Estrogen receptor beta (ER\u03b2) expression has been suggested to act as a tumor suppressor in epithelial ovarian cancer by reducing both tumor growth and metastasis. ER\u03b2 expression abnormalities represent a critical step in the development and progression of ovarian cancer: for these reasons, its re-expression by genetic engineering, as well as the use of targeted ER\u03b2 therapies, still constitute an important therapeutic approach. 3-{[2-chloro-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-methoxy-6-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]methylene}-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, referred to here as compound 3, has been shown to have cytostatic as well cytotoxic effects on various hormone-dependent cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism of its anti-carcinogenic activity is not well understood. Here, we offer a possible explanation of such an effect in the human ovarian cancer cell line IGROV1. Chromatin binding protein assay and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry were exploited to localize and quantify compound 3 in cells. Molecular docking was used to prove compound 3 binding to ER\u03b2. Mass spectrometry-based approaches were used to analyze histone post-translational modifications. Finally, gene expression analyses revealed a set of genes regulated by the ER\u03b2\/3 complex, namely CCND1, MYC, CDKN2A, and ESR2, providing possible molecular mechanisms that underline the observed antiproliferative effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25194438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T10:39:58Z","timestamp":1601289598000},"page":"4438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Indole Derivative Interacts with Estrogen Receptor Beta and Inhibits Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Verardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Fiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u2018G. Ciamician\u2019, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenza","family":"Andrisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso D\u2019Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4739-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Morigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4468-2974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Naldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Centre for Applied Biomedical Research\u2013CRBA, University of Bologna, St. Orsola Hospital, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Bertucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Strocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Chemistry \u2018Toso Montanari\u2019, University of Bologna, Viale Del Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2851-8939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Boga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Chemistry \u2018Toso Montanari\u2019, University of Bologna, Viale Del Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9746-2356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Micheletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Chemistry \u2018Toso Montanari\u2019, University of Bologna, Viale Del Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Calonghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"465","article-title":"Natural history of ovarian cancer","volume":"8","author":"Vargas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (2018, December 30). 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