{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:06:06Z","timestamp":1774670766855,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of EducationNational Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["NRF\u20102017R1A6A1A03015713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102017R1A6A1A03015713"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HI17C1238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI17C1238"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Preterm birth is a known leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The underlying causes of pregnancy-associated complications are numerous, but infection and inflammation are the essential high-risk factors. However, there are no safe and effective preventive drugs that can be applied to pregnant women. Objective: The objectives of the study were to investigate a natural product, Abeliophyllum distichum leaf (ADL) extract, to examine the possibility of preventing preterm birth caused by inflammation. Methods: We used a mouse preterm birth model by intraperitoneally injecting lipopolysaccharides (LPS). ELISA, Western blot, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining analyses were performed to confirm the anti-inflammatory efficacy and related mechanisms of the ADL extracts. Cytotoxicity and cell death were measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) analysis and flow cytometer. Results: A daily administration of ADL extract significantly reduced preterm birth, fetal loss, and fetal growth restriction after an intraperitoneal injection of LPS in mice. The ADL extract prevented the LPS-induced expression of TNF-\u03b1 in maternal serum and amniotic fluid and attenuated the LPS-induced upregulation of placental proinflammatory genes, including IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-12p40, and TNF-\u03b1 and the chemokine gene CXCL-1, CCL-2, CCL3, and CCL-4. LPS-treated THP-1 cell-conditioned medium accelerated trophoblast cell death, and TNF-\u03b1 played an essential role in this effect. The ADL extract reduced LPS-treated THP-1 cell-conditioned medium-induced trophoblast cell death by inhibiting MAPKs and the NF-\u03baB pathway in macrophages. ADL extract prevented exogenous TNF-\u03b1-induced increased trophoblast cell death and decreased cell viability. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that the inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation by ADL extract can prevent preterm birth, fetal loss, and fetal growth restriction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25194579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T10:28:02Z","timestamp":1602066482000},"page":"4579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Verbascoside-Rich Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai Leaf Extracts Prevent LPS-Induced Preterm Birth Through Inhibiting the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines from Macrophages and the Cell Death of Trophoblasts Induced by TNF-\u03b1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ho Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A-Reum","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minji","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35365, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7506-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nak-Yun","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy CO. LTD., Jeonnam 58144, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6098-4449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy CO. LTD., Jeonnam 58144, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0668-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Yun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy CO. LTD., Jeonnam 58144, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In-Jun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy CO. LTD., Jeonnam 58144, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6843-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Sub","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy CO. LTD., Jeonnam 58144, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Muk","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Ik","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 35365, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunho","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention National Institute of Health 187, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 35365, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0998-5569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2012). 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