{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:20:10Z","timestamp":1776115210588,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2020\/173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2020\/173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (TL) is an important ethnic medicine of Bangladesh used to treat diarrhea and dysentery. Hence, current study has been designed to characterize the antidiarrheal (in vivo) and cytotoxic (in vitro) effects of T. leucostaphylum. A crude extract was prepared with methanol (MTL) and further partitioned into n-hexane (NTL), dichloromethane (DTL), and n-butanol (BTL) fractions. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated using castor oil induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal transit models, while cytotoxicity was evaluated using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In antidiarrheal experiments, all doses (100, 200, and 400 mg\/kg) of the DTL extract significantly reduced diarrheal stool frequency, volume and weight of intestinal contents, and gastrointestinal motility in mice. Similarly, in the cytotoxicity assay, all extracts exhibited activity, with the DTL extract the most potent (LC50 67.23 \u03bcg\/mL). GC-MS analysis of the DTL extract identified 10 compounds, which showed good binding affinity toward M3 muscarinic acetylcholine, 5-HT3, Gut inhibitory phosphodiesterase, DNA polymerase III subunit alpha, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-1 carboxyvinyltransferase enzyme targets upon molecular docking analysis. Although ADME\/T analyses predicted the drug-likeness and likely safety upon consumption of these bioactive compounds, significant toxicity concerns are evident due to the presence of the known phytotoxin, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. In summary, T. leucostaphylum showed promising activity, helping to rationalize the ethnomedicinal use and importance of this plant, its safety profile following both acute and chronic exposure warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25214994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T23:06:12Z","timestamp":1604012772000},"page":"4994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Evaluation of Various Solvent Extracts of Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston Leaves, a Bangladeshi Traditional Medicine Used for the Treatment of Diarrhea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sajib","family":"Rudra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afroza","family":"Tahamina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7567-4796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazim Uddin","family":"Emon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Science and Technology, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur 1705, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1330-2169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md.","family":"Adnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6589-4680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shakil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7814-2100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Helal Uddin","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1663-4580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James W.","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Royal College Surgeons, Dublin D02YN77, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona S.","family":"Alwahibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Soliman Elshikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4684-5004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Omar","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0239-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaikh Bokhtear","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34005","article-title":"Enteric infections, diarrhea, and their impact on function and development","volume":"118","author":"Petri","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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