{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T19:40:16Z","timestamp":1771616416008,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy\u017cszego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NN 405 219 539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NN 405 219 539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the activity of extracts from Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (PG) in a model of chronic bronchitis in rats. The research was carried out on three water extracts: E1 \u2013 from roots of field cultivated PG; E2 \u2013 from biotransformed roots of PG; E3 \u2013 from callus of PG. The extracts differed in saponins and inulin levels\u2014the highest was measured in E3 and the lowest in E1. Identification of secondary metabolites was performed using two complementary LC-MS systems. Chronic bronchitis was induced by sodium metabisulfite (a source of SO2). Animals were treated with extracts for three weeks (100 mg\/kg, intragastrically) and endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factors (TGF-\u03b21, -\u03b22, -\u03b23), and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) levels were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas C reactive protein (CRP) level was measured in serum. Moreover, mRNA expression were assessed in bronchi and lungs. In SO2-exposed rats, an elevation of the CRP, TGF-\u03b21, TGF-\u03b22, VEGF, and mucin was found, but the extracts\u2019 administration mostly reversed this phenomenon, leading to control values. The results showed a strong anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts from PG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25215020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T23:06:12Z","timestamp":1604012772000},"page":"5020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Effect of Different Water Extracts from Platycodon grandiflorum on Selected Factors Associated with Pathogenesis of Chronic Bronchitis in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4180-510X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldemar","family":"Buchwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-2789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Szulc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7533-3078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Baraniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Derebecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faclty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kania-Dobrowolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0983-7507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Piasecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Metabolomics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszy\u0144ska 34, 60-479 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bogacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8373-037X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Karasiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of International Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, \u015awi\u0119cickiego 6, 60-781 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Bartkowiak-Wieczorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, \u015awi\u0119cickiego 6, 60-781 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2389-0689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Kujawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8164-9914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Gryszczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3777-8273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kachlicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Metabolomics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszy\u0144ska 34, 60-479 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariola","family":"Dreger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2305-3116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"O\u017carowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Krajewska-Patan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"G\u00f3rska-Paukszta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1252-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw \u0141.","family":"Miko\u0142ajczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e3180383651","article-title":"Upper Airway Mucin Gene Expression: A Review","volume":"117","author":"Ali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"Cytokines in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis (in Polish)","volume":"8","author":"Panzner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alerg. 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