{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:28:49Z","timestamp":1790306929586,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2017-84117-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2017-84117-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-094204-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-094204-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARFD-17-503612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARFD-17-503612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which constitute the most populous family of the human proteome, are the target of 35\u201345% of approved therapeutic drugs. This review focuses on natural products (excluding peptides) that target GPCRs. Natural compounds identified so far as agonists, antagonists or allosteric modulators of GPCRs have been found in all groups of existing living beings according to Whittaker\u2019s Five Kingdom Classification, i.e., bacteria (monera), fungi, protoctists, plants and animals. Terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids are the most common chemical structures that target GPCRs whose endogenous ligands range from lipids to epinephrine, from molecules that activate taste receptors to molecules that activate smell receptors. Virtually all of the compounds whose formula is displayed in this review are pharmacophores with potential for drug discovery; furthermore, they are expected to help expand the number of GPCRs that can be considered as therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25215060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T21:34:47Z","timestamp":1604093687000},"page":"5060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Natural Compounds as Guides for the Discovery of Drugs Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9316-0721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Serrano-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Reyes-Resina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6., 39118 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0572-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Pinilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4654-0873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CiberNed: Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2549-4919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CiberNed: Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"S21","article-title":"The concise guide to pharmacology 2019\/20: G protein-coupled receptors","volume":"176","author":"Alexander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00146","article-title":"Successful therapies for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Why so many in animal models and none in humans?","volume":"5","author":"Franco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq464","article-title":"Abnormal calcium handling in atrial fibrillation is linked to up-regulation of adenosine A 2A receptors","volume":"32","author":"Llach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-020-01447-5","article-title":"Therapeutic options for patients with advanced atrial fibrillation: From lifestyle and medication to catheter and surgical ablation","volume":"28","author":"Boersma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neth. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-020-01476-0","article-title":"Paradigm shifts in pathophysiology and management of atrial fibrillation\u2014A tale of the RACE trials in the Netherlands","volume":"28","author":"Crijns","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neth. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2019.03.004","article-title":"Nature-Derived Peptides: A Growing Niche for GPCR Ligand Discovery","volume":"40","author":"Freissmuth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2008.4","article-title":"Chemical biology of natural indolocarbazole products: 30 Years since the discovery of staurosporine","volume":"62","author":"Nakano","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2016.06.002","article-title":"Protein Kinase C as Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Function and Potential Target in Vascular Disorders","volume":"Volume 78","author":"Ringvold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41429-018-0029-z","article-title":"Staurosporine: New lease of life for parent compound of today\u2019s novel and highly successful anti-cancer drugs","volume":"71","author":"Asami","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.22.1734","article-title":"Staurosporine: A prototype of a novel class of inhibitors of tumor cell invasion?","volume":"82","author":"Ward","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(89)90263-0","article-title":"Staurosporine, K-252 and UCN-01: Potent but nonspecific inhibitors of protein kinases","volume":"10","author":"Gillian","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trends Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.56.358","article-title":"YM-254890, a Novel Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Produced by Chromobacterium sp. QS3666","volume":"56","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00833","article-title":"Sensitive LC-MS\/MS Method for the Quantification of Macrocyclic G\u03b1q Protein Inhibitors in Biological Samples","volume":"8","author":"Kuschak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00247a030","article-title":"Structure of FR900359, a Cyclic Depsipeptide from Ardisia Crenata Sims","volume":"53","author":"Fujioka","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13184","article-title":"The genome analysis of Candidatus\u2005Burkholderia crenata reveals that secondary metabolism may be a key function of the Ardisia crenata leaf nodule symbiosis","volume":"18","author":"Carlier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Env. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1159\/000337184","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Gallic Acid and Wedelolactone Are G Protein-Coupled Receptor-35 Agonists","volume":"89","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hannan, M.A., Dash, R., Haque, M.N., Mohibbullah, M., Sohag, A.A.M., Rahman, M.A., Uddin, M.J., Alam, M., and Moon, I.S. (2020). Neuroprotective Potentials of Marine Algae and Their Bioactive Metabolites: Pharmacological Insights and Therapeutic Advances. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202005.0342.v1"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-010-0905-y","article-title":"The occurrence of 15-keto-prostaglandins in the red alga Gracilaria verrucosa","volume":"33","author":"Dang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Costanzo, F., Di Dato, V., Ianora, A., and Romano, G. (2019). Prostaglandins in marine organisms: A review. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17070428"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"91","article-title":"The Laurencia Paradox: An Endless Source of Chemodiversity","volume":"102","author":"Harizani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Chem. Org. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(01)00321-1","article-title":"Response of prostaglandin content in the red alga gracilaria verrucosa to season and solar irradiance","volume":"58","author":"Imbs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13338","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.013988","article-title":"15-Keto-PGE2 acts as a biased\/partial agonist to terminate PGE2-evoked signaling","volume":"295","author":"Endo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.11.012","article-title":"Activated prostaglandin D2 receptors on macrophages enhance neutrophil recruitment into the lung","volume":"137","author":"Jandl","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(90)91369-4","article-title":"K252a is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphorylase kinase","volume":"171","author":"Elliott","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2018.80868","article-title":"Effect of accumbens nucleus shell lesioning on bitemporal lobe epilepsy in rat model","volume":"56","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Folia. Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(91)90061-X","article-title":"The basal forebrain-cortical cholinergic system: Interpreting the functional consequences of excitotoxic lesions","volume":"14","author":"Dunnett","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.05.011","article-title":"Neurotoxic lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus impair the elaboration of postictal antinociception","volume":"194","author":"Biagioni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199609054801","article-title":"Quercetin and the growth of leukemic progenitors","volume":"23","author":"Larocca","year":"1996","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(95)03475-7","article-title":"Modulators of signal transduction as cancer chemotherapeutic agents-novel mechanisms and toxicities","volume":"82\u201383","author":"Gescher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11391-x","article-title":"Flavonoid allosteric modulation of mutated visual rhodopsin associated with retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"7","author":"Ramon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8101","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.007808","article-title":"Flavonoids enhance rod opsin stability, folding, and self-association by directly binding to ligand-free opsin and modulating its conformation","volume":"294","author":"Ortega","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"153","article-title":"Celastrol is a novel selective agonist of cannabinoid receptor 2 with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity in a mouse model of systemic sclerosis","volume":"76","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.52.1.172","article-title":"Positive cooperativity of acetylcholine and other agonists with allosteric ligands on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"52","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420030210","article-title":"Teratogenic compounds of Veratrum californicum (Durand). X. Cyclopia in rabbits produced by cyclopamine","volume":"3","author":"Keeler","year":"1970","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00357a021","article-title":"Structure-Activity Relationships for Activation of Adenylate Cyclase by the Diterpene Forskolin and Its Derivatives","volume":"26","author":"Seamon","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971249","article-title":"Coleonol and forskolin from Coleus forskohlii","volume":"45","author":"Singh","year":"1982","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02071881","article-title":"The amphiphilic peptide adenoregulin enhances agonist binding to A1-adenosine receptors and [35S]GTP \u03b3S to brain membranes","volume":"15","author":"Moni","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10960","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.22.10960","article-title":"Frog secretions and hunting magic in the upper Amazon: Identification of a peptide that interacts with an adenosine receptor","volume":"89","author":"Daly","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2016.067","article-title":"Marine sponges as a drug treasure","volume":"24","author":"Anjum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-894X(96)00376-9","article-title":"Marine sponge bis(indole) alkaloids that displace ligand binding to \u03b11 adrenergic receptors","volume":"6","author":"Phife","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01107","article-title":"Isolation and Synthesis of Veranamine, an Antidepressant Lead from the Marine Sponge Verongula rigida","volume":"83","author":"Araujo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(00)00063-9","article-title":"Eryloside F, a novel penasterol disaccharide possessing potent thrombin receptor antagonist activity","volume":"10","author":"Stead","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.01.022","article-title":"The potential of methylxanthine-based therapies in pediatric respiratory tract diseases","volume":"112","author":"Franco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198403223101202","article-title":"The bronchodilator effects and pharmacokinetics of caffeine in asthma","volume":"310","author":"Becker","year":"1984","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600670","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600670","article-title":"Health benefits of methylxanthines in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"61","author":"Franco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5104159","article-title":"Health benefits of methylxanthines in cacao and chocolate","volume":"5","author":"Franco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000327518","article-title":"Midlife healthy-diet index and late-life dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Eskelinen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Dis. Extra"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sindi, S., K\u00e5reholt, I., Eskelinen, M., Hooshmand, B., Lehtisalo, J., Soininen, H., Ngandu, T., and Kivipelto, M. (2018). Healthy dietary changes in midlife are associated with reduced dementia risk later in life. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111649"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-0920","article-title":"Midlife coffee and tea drinking and the risk of late-life dementia: A population-based CAIDE study","volume":"16","author":"Eskelinen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S167","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-1404","article-title":"Caffeine as a protective factor in dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Eskelinen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14741","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3728-09.2009","article-title":"Adenosine A2A Receptor Blockade Prevents Synaptotoxicity and Memory Dysfunction Caused by -Amyloid Peptides via p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway","volume":"29","author":"Canas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.09.001","article-title":"Caffeine and CSC, adenosine A2A antagonists, offer neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in rat mesencephalic cells","volume":"56","author":"Nobre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-111982","article-title":"Caffeine consumption prevents memory impairment, neuronal damage, and adenosine A2A receptors upregulation in the hippocampus of a rat model of sporadic dementia","volume":"34","author":"Espinosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. Jad."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.12.006","article-title":"Adenosine, adenosine A 2A antagonists, and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Jenner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.07.024","article-title":"Purinergic signaling in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Relevance for treatment","volume":"104","author":"Navarro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000073","article-title":"Japanese Istradefylline Study Group A long-term study of istradefylline safety and efficacy in patients with Parkinson disease","volume":"38","author":"Kondo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25418","article-title":"Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline reduces daily OFF time in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Mizuno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20410","article-title":"Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists improve deficits in initiation of movement and sensory motor integration in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"61","author":"Pinna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20504","article-title":"Blockade of globus pallidus adenosine A2A receptors displays antiparkinsonian activity in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats treated with D1 or D2 dopamine receptor agonists","volume":"62","author":"Simola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Synapse"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/21\/5060\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:27:23Z","timestamp":1760178443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/21\/5060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules25215060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25215060","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]}}}