{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:13:04Z","timestamp":1780366384296,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-11-LABX-0024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-LABX-0024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIAID Schistosomiasis Resource Center through NIH-NIAID Contract","award":["HHSN272201700014I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201700014I"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1017584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1017584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neglected parasitic diseases remain a major public health issue worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Human parasite diversity is very large, ranging from protozoa to worms. In most cases, more effective and new drugs are urgently needed. Previous studies indicated that the gold(I) drug auranofin (Ridaura\u00ae) is effective against several parasites. Among new gold(I) complexes, the phosphole-containing gold(I) complex {1-phenyl-2,5-di(2-pyridyl)phosphole}AuCl (abbreviated as GoPI) is an irreversible inhibitor of both purified human glutathione and thioredoxin reductases. GoPI-sugar is a novel 1-thio-\u03b2-d-glucopyranose 2,3,4,6-tetraacetato-S-derivative that is a chimera of the structures of GoPI and auranofin, designed to improve stability and bioavailability of GoPI. These metal-ligand complexes are of particular interest because of their combined abilities to irreversibly target the essential dithiol\/selenol catalytic pair of selenium-dependent thioredoxin reductase activity, and to kill cells from breast and brain tumors. In this work, screening of various parasites\u2014protozoans, trematodes, and nematodes\u2014was undertaken to determine the in vitro killing activity of GoPI-sugar compared to auranofin. GoPI-sugar was found to efficiently kill intramacrophagic Leishmania donovani amastigotes and adult filarial and trematode worms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25215075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T20:05:25Z","timestamp":1604261125000},"page":"5075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Repurposing Auranofin and Evaluation of a New Gold(I) Compound for the Search of Treatment of Human and Cattle Parasitic Diseases: From Protozoa to Helminth Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3372-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwen","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7042 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg-Universit\u00e9 Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire d\u2019Innovation Mol\u00e9culaire et Applications (LIMA), Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9294-3967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Pomel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioCIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 92290 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perle","family":"Latre de Late","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Comparative des Apicomplexes, Cochin Institute, Facult\u00e9 de Medecine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, 75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Taravaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioCIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 92290 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8542-6793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe M.","family":"Loiseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioCIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 92290 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2324-9509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fidelis","family":"Cho-Ngwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina A.","family":"Bulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy A.","family":"Sakanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Ziniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7026-4034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Davioud-Charvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7042 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg-Universit\u00e9 Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire d\u2019Innovation Mol\u00e9culaire et Applications (LIMA), Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03214618","article-title":"Gold in medicine: A review of its use in the West before 1900","volume":"15","author":"Higby","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gold Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"756","article-title":"\u00dcber bakteriologische Forschung","volume":"16","author":"Koch","year":"1890","journal-title":"Dtsch. 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