{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T03:20:32Z","timestamp":1772680832540,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition that progresses as age increases, and some of its major symptoms include tremor and postural and movement-related difficulties. To date, the treatment of PD remains a challenge because available drugs only treat the symptoms of the disease or possess serious side effects. In light of this, new treatment options are needed; hence, this study investigates the neuroprotective effects of an organic Boophone haemanthoides extract (BHE) and its bioactive compounds using an in vitro model of PD involving the toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. A total of seven compounds were isolated from BHE, viz distichamine (1), 1\u03b1,3\u03b1-diacetylnerbowdine (2), hippadine (3), stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione (4), cholest-4-en-3-one (5), tyrosol (6), and 3-hydroxy-1-(4\u2032-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone (7). Six compounds (1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7) were investigated, and five showed neuroprotection alongside the BHE. This study gives insight into the bioactivity of the non-alkaloidal constituents of Amaryllidaceae, since the isolated compounds and the BHE showed improved cell viability, increased ATP generation in the cells as well as inhibition of MPP+-induced apoptosis. Together, these findings support the claim that the Amaryllidaceae plant family could be a potential reserve of bioactive compounds for the discovery of neuroprotective agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T11:02:12Z","timestamp":1605610932000},"page":"5376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Neuroprotective Activities of Boophone haemanthoides (Amaryllidaceae) Extract and Its Chemical Constituents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Abobaker S.","family":"Ibrakaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvester I.","family":"Omoruyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3193-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Okobi E.","family":"Ekpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3877-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00568-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: Mechanisms and models","volume":"39","author":"Dauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.03.102","article-title":"Comparison between proliferative and neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells as an in vitro model for Parkinson disease studies","volume":"1337","author":"Lopes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.162222","article-title":"Prevalence and age of onset of Parkinson\u2019s disease in Cardiff: A community based cross sectional study and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Wickremaratchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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