{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:56:53Z","timestamp":1792724213070,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with a fixed combination of citicoline 500 mg, homotaurine 50 mg, and vitamin E 12 mg (CIT\/HOMO\/VITE) on contrast sensitivity and visual-related quality of life in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in mild stage. This was a multicenter, observational, cross-over, short-term, pilot study on POAG patients with stable controlled intraocular pressure (IOP). Patients were randomly assigned to Group 1 (current topical therapy for 4 months and then current topical therapy plus CIT\/HOMO\/VITE for 4 months) or Group 2 (CIT\/HOMO\/VITE in addition to current topical therapy for 4 months and then topical therapy alone for 4 months). Best-corrected visual acuity, IOP, visual field, and the Spaeth\/Richman contrast sensitivity (SPARCS) test score were recorded at baseline and after 4 and 8 months. The Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 (GQL-15) questionnaire was administered at each check time. Forty-four patients were assigned to Group 1 and 65 to Group 2. Over the follow-up period, there were no significant changes in IOP or visual field findings, whereas SPARCS and GQL-15 findings significantly varied from baseline, both being improved in subjects treated with CIT\/HOMO\/VITE fixed combination. These results demonstrate that a daily intake of a fixed combination of citicoline, homotaurine, and vitamin E in addition to the topical medical treatment significantly increased the total score of the contrast sensitivity test and the quality of life in patients with POAG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T21:55:31Z","timestamp":1606686931000},"page":"5614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Effects of Citicoline, Homotaurine, and Vitamin E on Contrast Sensitivity and Visual-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Pier","family":"Marino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Science \u201cV. Tiberio\u201d, the University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Matteo Polyclinic Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-9171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Campagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Decio","family":"Capobianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Perimetry and Glaucoma Clinic, ASL NA1 e CE, 80035 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8477-6188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciro","family":"Costagliola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Science \u201cV. Tiberio\u201d, the University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of QUALICOS Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903300103","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of intraocular pressure: Part I. Parasympathomimetic, sympathomimetic and sympatholytics","volume":"10","author":"Costagliola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grzybowski, A., Och, M., Kanclerz, P., Leffler, C.T., and De Moraes, C.G. (2020). Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Vascular Risk Factors: A Review of Population Based Studies from 1990 to 2019. J. Clin. 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