{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:30:18Z","timestamp":1792168218473,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["2019GXNSFBA185017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFBA185017"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Foundation of Forestry College of Guangxi University","award":["lxy201803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lxy201803"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rice straw is a common agricultural waste. In order to increase the added value of rice straw and improve the performance of rice straw biochar. MgO-modified biochar (MRBC) was prepared from rice straw at different temperatures, pyrolysis time and MgCl2 concentrations. The microstructure, chemical and crystal structure were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherms and Elementary Analysis (EA). The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature had significant influence on the structure and physicochemical property of MRBCs. MRBC-2 h has the richest microporous structure while MRBC-2 m has the richest mesoporous structure. The specific surface area (from 9.663 to 250.66 m2\/g) and pore volume (from 0.042 to 0.158 cm3\/g) of MRBCs increased as temperature rose from 300 to 600 \u00b0C. However, it was observed MgCl2 concentrations and pyrolysis time had no significant influence on pore structure of MRBCs. As pyrolysis temperature increased, pH increased and more oxygen-containing functional groups and mineral salts were formed, while MgO-modified yield, volatile matter, total content of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, porosity and average pore diameter decreased. In addition, MRBCs formed at high temperature showed high C content with a low O\/C and H\/C ratios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T22:15:36Z","timestamp":1607638536000},"page":"5730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Preparation and Characterization of MgO-Modified Rice Straw Biochars"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xianxian","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jixin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Material, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8039-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhigao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Material, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Fodder utilization technology analysis of rice straw resources in Jiangsu","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Agric."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8688","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-1189-2","article-title":"Removal of cadmiumin aqueous solution using wheat straw biochar: Effect of minerals and mechanism","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2018.07.015","article-title":"Adsorption and coadsorption mechanisms of Hg2+ and methyl orange by branched polyethyleneimine modified magnetic straw","volume":"229","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2006.12.030","article-title":"Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of rice husk: Yields and related properties and improvement of the pyrolysis system","volume":"80","author":"Zheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2014.03.059","article-title":"New approaches to measuring biochar density and porosity","volume":"66","author":"Brewer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rogress of research on microorganisms and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in Chinese farmland under long-term fertilization","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Soil Fertil."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1080\/03650340.2016.1267341","article-title":"Ryegrass yield and nutrient status after biochar application in two Mediterranean soils","volume":"63","author":"Manolikaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Agron. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/gcbb.12132","article-title":"The way forward in biochar research: Targeting trade-offs between the potential wins","volume":"7","author":"Jeffery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol. Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12700","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-8904-x","article-title":"Biochar soil amendment on alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants: A critical review","volume":"24","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.08.122","article-title":"Environmental application of biochar: Current status and perspectives","volume":"246","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.140","article-title":"Reduced carbon sequestration potential of biochar in acidic soil","volume":"572","author":"Sheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, Y., Huang, S., Dong, C., Meng, Z., and Wang, X. (2020). Competitive adsorption behaviour and mechanisms of cadmium, nickel and ammonium from aqueous solution by fresh and ageing rice straw biochars. Bioresour. Technol., 303.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.122853"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, M.H., Jeong, S., and Kim, J.Y. (2019). Adsorption of NH3-N onto rice straw-derived biochar. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2019.103039"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2012.09.034","article-title":"Chemical characterization of rice straw-derived biochar for soil amendment","volume":"47","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.08.082","article-title":"Benefits and limitations of biochar amendment in agricultural soils: A review","volume":"227","author":"Kavitha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, Q., Wang, Z., Yu, Q., Cheng, Y., Liu, Z., Zhang, T., and Zhou, S. (2020). Removal of tetracycline from an aqueous solution using manganese dioxide modified biochar derived from Chinese herbal medicine residues. Environ. Res., 183.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109195"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.103723","article-title":"Phosphorus adsorption behaviors of MgO modified biochars derived from waste woody biomass resources","volume":"8","author":"Oginni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.07.043","article-title":"MgO-modified biochar increases phosphate retention and rice yields in saline-alkaline soil","volume":"235","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.12.117","article-title":"Application of Mg\u2013Al-modified biochar for simultaneous removal of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate from eutrophic water","volume":"176","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.02.026","article-title":"Microwave pyrolysis of rice straw to produce biochar as an adsorbent for CO2 capture","volume":"84","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandra, S., Medha, I., and Bhattacharya, J. (2020). Potassium-iron rice straw biochar composite for sorption of nitrate, phosphate, and ammonium ions in soil for timely and controlled release. Sci. Total Environ., 712.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136337"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.071","article-title":"Preparation of rice straw-derived biochar for efficient cadmium removal by modification of oxygen-containing functional groups","volume":"631","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2016.03.035","article-title":"Sorption of lead and methylene blue onto hickory biochars from different pyrolysis temperatures: Importance of physicochemical properties","volume":"37","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1021\/es9031419","article-title":"Dynamic Molecular Structure of Plant Biomass-Derived Black Carbon (Biochar)","volume":"44","author":"Keiluweit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01269a023","article-title":"Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers","volume":"60","author":"Brunauer","year":"1938","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0095-8522(66)90006-7","article-title":"T-curve of multimolecular Ng-adsorption","volume":"21","author":"Deboer","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"2237","article-title":"Porosity Evolution of Activated Carbon Fiber Prepared from Liquefied Wood. Part II: Water Steam Activation from 850 to 950 \u00b0C","volume":"9","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresources"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.11.011","article-title":"Effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating time on biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of straw and lignosulfonate","volume":"176","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"195","article-title":"Characterization of designer biochar produced at different temperatures and their effects on a loamy sand","volume":"3","author":"Novak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5890","DOI":"10.1021\/ef400972z","article-title":"Comparisons of biochar properties from wood material and crop residues at different temperatures and residence times","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5137","DOI":"10.1021\/es8002684","article-title":"Transitional adsorption and partition of nonpolar and polar aromatic contaminants by biochars of pine needles with different pyrolytic temperatures","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.10.081","article-title":"Effects of feedstock type, production method, and pyrolysis temperature on biochar and hydrochar properties","volume":"240","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.429","article-title":"Rice straw biochar modified by aluminum chloride enhances the dewatering of the sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant","volume":"654","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizwan, M., Lin, Q., Chen, X., Li, Y., Li, G., Zhao, X., and Tian, Y. (2020). Synthesis, characterization and application of magnetic and acid modified biochars following alkaline pretreatment of rice and cotton straws. Sci. Total Environ., 714.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136532"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.10.035","article-title":"Biomass-facilitated production of activated magnesium oxide nanoparticles with extraordinary CO2 capture capacity","volume":"334","author":"Creamer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.05.068","article-title":"Enhanced mercury removal by transplanting sulfur-containing functional groups to biochar through plasma","volume":"253","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.04.094","article-title":"Influence of pyrolysis temperature on physicochemical properties of biochar obtained from the fast pyrolysis of pitch pine (Pinus rigida)","volume":"118","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junhao, Q., Qiwen, L., Yanqing, L., Anyi, N., and Chuxia, L. (2020). Biochar-driven reduction of As(V) and Cr(VI): Effects of pyrolysis temperature and low-molecular-weight organic acids. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 201.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110873"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bardalai, M., and Mahanta, D.K. (2018). Characterisation of Biochar Produced by Pyrolysis from Areca Catechu Dust. Mater. Today Proc., 5.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2017.09.205"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heredia-Guerrero, J.A., Ben\u00edtez, J.J., Dom\u00ednguez, E., Bayer, I.S., Cingolani, R., Athanassiou, A., and Heredia, A. (2014). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic features of plant cuticles: A review. Front. Plant Sci., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00305"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2019.01.068","article-title":"Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using chitosan-combined magnetic biochars","volume":"540","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"3355","article-title":"Analysis of XRD spectral structure and carbonization of the biochar preparation","volume":"36","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"122","article-title":"Structural and physico-chemical properties of biochars prepared from different rice straw","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.11.013","article-title":"Effect of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and residence time on rapeseed stem derived biochar","volume":"174","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12350","DOI":"10.1021\/jf102152q","article-title":"Sorption of deisopropylatrazine on broiler litter biochars","volume":"58","author":"Uchimiya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.11.084","article-title":"Impact of pyrolysis temperature and manure source on physicochemical characteristics of biochar","volume":"107","author":"Cantrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.01.044","article-title":"Manganese oxide-modified biochars: Preparation, characterization, and sorption of arsenate and lead","volume":"181","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Tan, X., Gu, Y., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Hu, X., Li, J., Zhou, Y., Liu, S., and He, Y. (2020). Rice waste biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures for arsenic and cadmium abatement and detoxification in sediment. Chemosphere, 250.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126268"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.282","article-title":"Effect of production temperature on lead removal mechanisms by rice straw biochars","volume":"655","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/23\/5730\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:41:46Z","timestamp":1760179306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/23\/5730"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules25235730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25235730","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]}}}