{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:11:53Z","timestamp":1791562313740,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"a research grant of Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, Malaysia (MOA)","award":["NH1113P008-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NH1113P008-2"]}]},{"name":"a research grant of National University of Malaysia, UKM","award":["ETP-2013-062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ETP-2013-062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A preliminary study was conducted to study the effects of different types and concentrations of co-solvents based on yield, composition and antioxidants capacity of extract prior to optimization studies of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Labisia pumila (locally referred to as \u2018kacip fatimah\u2019). The following co-solvents were studied prior to the optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC\u2013CO2) technique: ethanol, water, methanol, as well as aqueous solutions of ethanol\u2013water and methanol\u2013water (50% and 70% v\/v). By using the selected co-solvents, identification of phenolic acids (gallic acid, methyl gallate and caffeic acid) was determined by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Then, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by using three different assays: total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing\/antioxidant power (FRAP) and free radical-scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). SC\u2013CO2 with 70% ethanol\u2013water co-solvent was superior in terms of a higher combination of phenolic compounds extracted and antioxidants capacity. Overall, SC\u2013CO2 with co-solvent 70% ethanol\u2013water technique was efficient in extracting phenolic compounds from L. pumila, and thus the usage of this solvent system should be considered for further optimization studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:45:36Z","timestamp":1607906736000},"page":"5859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Co-Solvent Selection for Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) of Phenolic Compounds from Labisia pumila"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shazana Azfar","family":"Radzali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering &amp; Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masturah","family":"Markom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering &amp; Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noorashikin Md","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering &amp; Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.07.024","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 by Labisia pumila extracts","volume":"143","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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