{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:28:28Z","timestamp":1790749708586,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST- 106-2622-E-151-007-CC3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST- 106-2622-E-151-007-CC3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Industries\u2019 air pollution causes serious challenges to modern society, among them exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, which are currently one of the main sources. This study proposes a non-thermal plasma (NTP) system for placement in the exhaust system of internal combustion engines to reduce the toxic contaminants (HC, CO, and NOx) of exhaust gases. This NTP system generates a high-voltage discharge that not only responds to the ion chemical reaction to eliminate NOx and CO, but that also generates a combustion reaction at the local high temperature of plasma to reduce HC. The NTP system was designed on both the front and rear of the exhaust pipe to analyze the difference of different exhaust flow rates under the specified frequency. The results indicate that the NTP system can greatly reduce toxic contaminants. The NTP reactor placed in the front of exhaust pipe gave HC and CO removal efficiency of about 34.5% and 16.0%, respectively, while the NTP reactor placed in the rear of exhaust pipe gave NOx removal efficiency of about 41.3%. In addition, the voltage and material directly affect the exhaust gases obviously. In conclusion, the proposed NTP system installed in the exhaust system can significantly reduce air pollutants. These results suggest that applying NTP to the combustion engine should be a useful tool to simultaneously reduce both emissions of NOx and CO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25246041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T09:41:41Z","timestamp":1608543701000},"page":"6041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An Analysis of Exhaust Emission of the Internal Combustion Engine Treated by the Non-Thermal Plasma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9277-3518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Hsien","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2374-3830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Chang","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Undersea Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Jung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fashion Design and Management, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 71002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hsin","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Liang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo-Hung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2006.01.006","article-title":"Catalytic abatement of volatile organic compounds assisted by non-thermal plasma Part 1. 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