{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:01:46Z","timestamp":1778284906851,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Science Research Program funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2019R1A2C1009969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C1009969"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2020R1A2C1006400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C1006400"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002461","name":"Chungbuk National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002461","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel class of quinolinol-based dimeric indium complexes (1\u20136) was synthesized and characterized using 1H and 13C(1H) NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Compounds 1\u20136 exhibited typical low-energy absorption bands assignable to quinolinol-centered \u03c0\u2013\u03c0* charge transfer (CT) transition. The emission spectra of 1\u20136 exhibited slight bathochromic shifts with increasing solvent polarity (p-xylene &lt; tetrahydrofuran (THF) &lt; dichloromethane (DCM)). The emission bands also showed a gradual redshift, with an increase in the electron-donating effect of substituents at the C5 position of the quinoline groups. The absolute emission quantum yields (\u03a6PL) of compounds 1 (11.2% in THF and 17.2% in film) and 4 (17.8% in THF and 36.2% in film) with methyl substituents at the C5 position of the quinoline moieties were higher than those of the indium complexes with other substituents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26010034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T08:38:43Z","timestamp":1608712723000},"page":"34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Series of Dimeric Indium Quinolinates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sang Woo","family":"Kwak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju Hyun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1710-2682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongseog","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8547-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang Mun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngjo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8858-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myung Hwan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1063\/1.98799","article-title":"Organic electroluminescent diodes","volume":"51","author":"Tang","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3693","DOI":"10.1021\/cm5011604","article-title":"Rational design of chelated aluminum complexes toward highly efficient and thermally stable electron-transporting materials","volume":"26","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9076","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201100707","article-title":"High-efficiency tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) complexes for organic white-light-emitting diodes and solid-state lighting","volume":"17","author":"Takizawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1021\/ja807284e","article-title":"Hydroxynaphthyridine-derived group III metal chelates: Wide band gap and deep blue analogues of green Alq3 (tris(8- hydroxyquinolate)aluminum) and their versatile applications for organic light-emitting diodes","volume":"131","author":"Liao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1021\/jo035602q","article-title":"Red-green-blue emission from tris(5-aryl-8-quinolinolate)Al(III) complexes","volume":"69","author":"Pohl","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1021\/ol034693a","article-title":"Emission Color Tuning in AlQ3 Complexes with Extended Conjugated Chromophores","volume":"5","author":"Pohl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-8545(00)00403-3","article-title":"Luminescence and electroluminescence of Al(III), B(III), Be(II) and Zn(II) complexes with nitrogen donors","volume":"215","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-8545(98)90027-3","article-title":"Metal chelates as emitting materials for organic electroluminescence","volume":"171","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cc04573j","article-title":"Triarylboronfunctionalized 8-hydroxyquinolines and their aluminium(III) complexes","volume":"47","author":"Zlojutro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9041","DOI":"10.1021\/ma061805f","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Organoboron Quinolate Polymers with Tunable Luminescence Properties","volume":"39","author":"Qin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.1021\/ol0619664","article-title":"Luminescence Tuning of Organoboron Quinolates through Substituent Variation at the 5-Position of the Quinolato Moiety","volume":"8","author":"Qin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200501403","article-title":"Effective manipulation of the electronic effects and its influence on the emission of 5-substituted tris(8-quinolinolate) aluminum(III) complexes","volume":"12","author":"Montes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y.-W., Shi, M.-M., Huang, J.-C., Chen, H.-Z., Wang, M., Liu, X.-D., Ma, Y.-G., Xu, H., and Yang, B. (2006). Fluorinated Alq3 derivatives with tunable optical properties. Chem. Commun., 1941\u20131943.","DOI":"10.1039\/b516757d"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1021\/ic0489746","article-title":"Organoboron Compounds with an 8- Hydroxyquinolato Chelate and Its Derivatives: Substituent Effects on Structures and Luminescence","volume":"44","author":"Cui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1021\/cm035313i","article-title":"Solution-Processible Small Molecular Organic Light-Emitting Diode Material and Devices Based on the Substituted Aluminum Quinolate","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200401155","article-title":"Effective Color Tuning in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Aluminum Tris(5-aryl-8-hydroxyquinoline) Complexes","volume":"16","author":"Montes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6300","DOI":"10.1021\/ja010120m","article-title":"Effects of Systematic Methyl Substitution of Metal (III) Tris(n-Methyl-8- Quinolinolato) Chelates on Material Properties for Optimum Electroluminescence Device Performance","volume":"123","author":"Sapochak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1021\/cm9503442","article-title":"Substituted Aluminum and Zinc Quinolates with Blue-Shifted Absorbance\/Luminescence Bands: Synthesis and Spectroscopic, Photoluminescence, and Electroluminescence Characterization","volume":"8","author":"Hopkins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8056","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.9b00802","article-title":"A series of Quinolinate-based Indium Luminophores: A Rational Design Approach for Manipulation Photophysical Properties","volume":"58","author":"Kwak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/bkcs.12062","article-title":"Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of (Cl2Ph)Salen-based Indium Complexes","volume":"41","author":"Woo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. Korean Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5310","DOI":"10.1039\/C8DT00153G","article-title":"Salen-indium\/triarylborane triads: Synthesis and ratiometric emission-colour changes by fluoride ion binding","volume":"47","author":"Kwak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.6b02797","article-title":"Intriguing Indium-salen Complexes as Multicolor Luminophores","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lugo, A.F., and Richards, A.F. (2010). Ketiminate-Supported LiCl Cages and Group 13 Complexes. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2025\u20132035.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201000123"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SC04107A","article-title":"A general method for the metal-free, regioselective, remote C\u2013H halogenation of 8-substituted quinolones","volume":"9","author":"Motati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15458","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CC06095H","article-title":"Betti reaction enables efficient synthesis of 8-hydroxyquinoline inhibitors of 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases","volume":"51","author":"Thinnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2008.10.097","article-title":"4-Aryl-8-hydroxyquinolines from 4-chloro-8-tosyloxyquinoline using a Suzuki\u2013Miyaura cross-coupling approach","volume":"65","author":"Heiskanen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2014.04.052","article-title":"New approaches to the synthesis of selected hydroxyquinolines and their hydroxyquinoline carboxylic acid analogues","volume":"1071","author":"Szala","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.1021\/om300307t","article-title":"Bis(8-quinolinolato) aluminium ethyl complexes: Iso-selective initiators for rac-lactide polymerization","volume":"31","author":"Bakewell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Organometallics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5549","DOI":"10.1039\/c0dt01663b","article-title":"Sensitized luminescence in dinuclear lanthanide(III) complexes of bridging 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives with different electronic properties","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00002a004","article-title":"A survey of Hammett substituent constants and resonance and field parameters","volume":"91","author":"Hansch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/1\/34\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:48:53Z","timestamp":1760179733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/1\/34"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26010034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26010034","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]}}}