{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T08:43:59Z","timestamp":1785141839802,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obacunone, a limonin triterpenoid extracted from Phellodendronchinense Schneid or Dictamnus dasycarpusb Turcz plant, elicits a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-oxidation, and anti-lung-fibrosis ones. However, the anti-fibrotic effect of obacunone and the detailed underlying mechanism in liver fibrosis remain unclear. Liver fibrosis is a debilitating disease threatening human health. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2\/P-Smad is a major pathway of fibrosis featured with epithelia mesenchymal transformations (EMT) and collagen depositions, accompanying with excessive oxygen-free radicals. Nrf-2 acts as a key anti-oxidative regulator driving the expressions of various antioxidant-related genes. Glutathionperoxidase-4 (GPx-4) is a member of the glutathione peroxidase family that directly inhibits phospholipid oxidation to alleviate oxidative stress. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role of obacunone in mouse liver fibrosis model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and in hepatic stellate cells (LX2 cell line) challenging with TGF-\u03b2. Obacunone demonstrated potent ameliorative effects on liver fibrosis both in activated LX2 and in mice liver tissues with reduced levels of \u03b1-SMA, collagen1, and vimentin. Obacunone also remarkably suppressed the TGF-\u03b2\/P-Smad signals and EMT process. Meanwhile, obacunone exerted a potent anti-oxidation effect by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both models. The antioxidant effect of obacunone was attributed to the activation of GPx-4 and Nrf-2. In addition, the therapeutic effect of obacunone on LX2 cells was significantly removed in vitro plus with GPx-4 antagonist RSL3, in parallel with the re-elevated levels of ROS. Thus, we demonstrate that obacunone is able to attenuate liver fibrosis via enhancing GPx-4 signal and inhibition of the TGF-\u03b2\/P-Smad pathway and EMT process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26020318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T21:21:45Z","timestamp":1610313705000},"page":"318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Obacunone Attenuates Liver Fibrosis with Enhancing Anti-Oxidant Effects of GPx-4 and Inhibition of EMT"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yongquan","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Furong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7135-0433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zifan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"4116","article-title":"Progress in evaluating the status of hepatitis C infection based on the functional changes of hepatic stellate cells (Review)","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. 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