{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:33:22Z","timestamp":1783719202548,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term dependence of illicit drugs impairs the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates the secretion of endogenous steroids, cortisol, and cortisone. Thus, the present study aimed to develop a sensitive method for simultaneous determination of the multiple illicit drugs and two steroids in hair to monitor the status of illicit drug exposure and the physiological and psychological health of drug addicts. The target analytes were extracted from hair by incubation with 1 mL methanol for 24 h at 40 \u00b0C and then determined with LC-APCI+-MS\/MS. The validated method showed acceptable linearity (R2 &gt; 0.99) in the range of 1.25\u2013250 pg\/mg for cortisol and cortisone, 2.5\u2013125 pg\/mg for heroin, 2.5\u20131250 pg\/mg for ketamine, 2.5\u20135000 pg\/mg for methamphetamine (MAM), 2.5\u2013250 pg\/mg for 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), morphine, and 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-AM). Limits of quantification were 1.6, 1.2, 1.6, 1.0, 1.4, 0.3, 2.1, and 1.2 pg\/mg for cortisol, cortisone, heroin, ketamine, MAM, MDMA, morphine, and 6-AM, respectively. Method recoveries were from 90\u2013115% for all analytes. Inter-day and intra-day coefficients of variation were within 10%. Finally, this method was successfully applied to detect the aforementioned analytes in hair among female drug addicts who self-reported to be MAM abuser, heroin abuser, ketamine abuser, and abuser of mixture drugs of MAM and heroin. MAM abusers with current MAM use showed significantly higher concentrations of cortisol, MAM, and MDMA than controls with drug withdrawal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26020516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T03:34:25Z","timestamp":1611113665000},"page":"516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Simultaneous Determination of Cortisol, Cortisone, and Multiple Illicit Drugs in Hair among Female Drug Addicts with LC-MS\/MS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Cailing","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center of Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Hangzhou College of Preschool Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center of Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center of Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center of Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Center, Nanjing 210031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center of Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2009.09.026","article-title":"Quantification of drugs of abuse and some stimulants in hair samples by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry","volume":"877","author":"Bucelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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