{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:31:17Z","timestamp":1790839877804,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Worldwide obesity is a public health concern that has reached pandemic levels. Obesity is the major predisposing factor to comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The common forms of obesity are multifactorial and derive from a complex interplay of environmental changes and the individual genetic predisposition. Increasing evidence suggest a pivotal role played by alterations of gut microbiota (GM) that could represent the causative link between environmental factors and onset of obesity. The beneficial effects of GM are mainly mediated by the secretion of various metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate are small organic metabolites produced by fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch with vast beneficial effects in energy metabolism, intestinal homeostasis and immune responses regulation. An aberrant production of SCFAs has emerged in obesity and metabolic diseases. Among SCFAs, butyrate emerged because it might have a potential in alleviating obesity and related comorbidities. Here we reviewed the preclinical and clinical data that contribute to explain the role of butyrate in this context, highlighting its crucial contribute in the diet-GM-host health axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26030682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T09:03:45Z","timestamp":1611824625000},"page":"682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":251,"title":["The Protective Role of Butyrate against Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0421-7904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Coppola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"ImmunoNutriton Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Avagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Calignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5169-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Berni Canani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"ImmunoNutriton Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, November 27). 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