{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:53:09Z","timestamp":1778259189872,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Virola is the largest genus of Myristicaceae in America, comprising about 60 species of medium-sized trees geographically spread from Mexico to southern Brazil. The plant species of this genus have been widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of several ailments, such as rheumatic pain, bronchial asthma, tumors in the joints, intestinal worms, halitosis, ulcers, and multiple infections, due to their pharmacological activity. This review presents an updated and comprehensive summary of Virola species, particularly their ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity, to support the safe medicinal use of plant extracts and provide guidance for future research. The Virola spp.\u2019s ethnopharmacology, including in the treatment of stomach pain and gastric ulcers, as well as antimicrobial and tryponosomicidal activities, is attributable to the presence of a myriad of phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, lignans, arylalkanones, and sitosterol. Hence, such species yield potential leads or molecular scaffolds for the development of new pharmaceutical formulations, encouraging the elucidation of not-yet-understood action mechanisms and ascertaining their safety for humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26040792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T20:31:51Z","timestamp":1612384311000},"page":"792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pharmacological Extracts and Molecules from Virola Species: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Biological Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8878-2219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Traves\u00eda da Choupana S\/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7959-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Ruiz-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Traves\u00eda da Choupana S\/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Traves\u00eda da Choupana S\/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djedjiga","family":"Ait Eldjoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Traves\u00eda da Choupana S\/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1715-8157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousof Ramadan","family":"Farrag AbdElHafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Traves\u00eda da Choupana S\/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Cordero-Barreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Traves\u00eda da Choupana S\/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Pino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Traves\u00eda da Choupana S\/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3674-3749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Campos-Toimil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisiolog\u00eda y Farmacolog\u00eda de las Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nicas (FIFAEC), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glaucimeire","family":"Rocha Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), ES 29102-920 Vila Velha, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4053-5061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago","family":"Melo Costa Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), ES 29102-920 Vila Velha, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFES), ES 29102-920 Vila Velha, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7154-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oreste","family":"Gualillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Traves\u00eda da Choupana S\/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01285","article-title":"Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01\/1981 to 09\/2019","volume":"83","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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