{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:12:40Z","timestamp":1791065560601,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]],"date-time":"2021-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda, is used as a biological control agent for the management of pests. The ant has several exocrine glands in the abdomen, including Dufour\u2019s, poison, rectal, and sternal glands, which are associated with pheromone secretions for intra-specific communication. Previous studies have analyzed the gland secretions of Dufour\u2019s and poison glands. The chemistry of the rectal and sternal glands is unknown. We re-analyzed the secretions from Dufour\u2019s and poison glands plus the rectal and sternal glands to compare their chemistries and identify additional components. We used the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique to collect gland headspace volatiles and solvent extraction for the secretions. Coupled gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis detected a total of 78 components, of which 62 were being reported for the first time. These additional components included 32 hydrocarbons, 12 carboxylic acids, 5 aldehydes, 3 alcohols, 2 ketones, 4 terpenes, 3 sterols, and 1 benzenoid. The chemistry of Dufour\u2019s and poison glands showed a strong overlap and was distinct from that of the rectal and sternal glands. The different gland mixtures may contribute to the different physiological and behavioral functions in this ant species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26040871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T02:08:12Z","timestamp":1613268492000},"page":"871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Re-Analysis of Abdominal Gland Volatilome Secretions of the African Weaver Ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Bethelihem","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (<i>icipe<\/i>), Nairobi 30772-00100, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9779-0357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Cheseto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (<i>icipe<\/i>), Nairobi 30772-00100, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Pirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8625-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullahi","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunday","family":"Ekesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (<i>icipe<\/i>), Nairobi 30772-00100, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Deletre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (<i>icipe<\/i>), Nairobi 30772-00100, Kenya"},{"name":"CIRAD, UPR HortSys (Agroecological Functioning and Performances of Horticultural Systems), University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baldwyn","family":"Torto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (<i>icipe<\/i>), Nairobi 30772-00100, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Chemical sorcery for sociality: Exocrine secretions of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"11","author":"Morgan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Myrmecol News"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01127","article-title":"Honeybee colonies achieve fitness through dancing","volume":"419","author":"Sherman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(73)90024-3","article-title":"The volatile Dufour\u2019s gland components of the harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex rugosus and P. barbatus","volume":"19","author":"Regnier","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. 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