{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:20:55Z","timestamp":1791649255775,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Moroccan ministry of transport equipment and logistics","award":["21\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lateral flow assays (lateral flow immunoassays and nucleic acid lateral flow assays) have experienced a great boom in a wide variety of early diagnostic and screening applications. As opposed to conventional examinations (High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, etc.), they obtain the results of a sample\u2019s analysis within a short period. In resource-limited areas, these tests must be simple, reliable, and inexpensive. In this review, we outline the production process of antibodies against drugs of abuse (such as heroin, amphetamine, benzodiazepines, cannabis, etc.), used in lateral flow immunoassays as revelation or detection molecules, with a focus on the components, the principles, the formats, and the mechanisms of reaction of these assays. Further, we report the monoclonal antibody advantages over the polyclonal ones used against drugs of abuse. The perspective on aptamer use for lateral flow assay development was also discussed as a possible alternative to antibodies in view of improving the limit of detection, sensitivity, and specificity of lateral flow assays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26041058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T20:56:21Z","timestamp":1613681781000},"page":"1058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Monoclonal Antibodies Application in Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assays for Drugs of Abuse Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8527-7655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zidane","family":"Qriouet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation &amp; Research (MAScIR), Rabat 10100, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed V-Souissi, Rabat 10100, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahia","family":"Cherrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed V-Souissi, Rabat 10100, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Sefrioui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation &amp; Research (MAScIR), Rabat 10100, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zineb","family":"Qmichou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation &amp; Research (MAScIR), Rabat 10100, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-4044-5","article-title":"Effects of psychotropic drugs on inflammation: Consequence or mediator of therapeutic effects in psychiatric treatment?","volume":"233","author":"Baumeister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.11.017","article-title":"Adverse events and the relation with quality of life in adults with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour using psychotropic drugs","volume":"49","author":"Scheifes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. 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