{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:29:53Z","timestamp":1790126993572,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008252","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Udine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-2018-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-2018-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Information concerning the mechanisms underlying oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in young healthy women predisposing eventually to future diseases is scarce. We investigated the relationship of oxidative stress and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in fertile-age women by oral combined contraceptive (OC) use. Caucasian Italian healthy non-obese women (n = 290; 100 OC-users; 190 non-OC-users; mean age 23.2 \u00b1 4.7 years) were analyzed. Blood hydroperoxides, as oxidative stress biomarkers, were assessed by Free Oxygen Radical Test (FORT). Serum hsCRP was determined by an ultra-sensitive method (hsCRP). Markedly elevated oxidative stress (\u2265400 FORT Units) was found in 77.0% of OC-users and 1.6% of non-OC-users, odds ratio (OR) = 209, 95% CI = 60.9\u2013715.4, p &lt; 0.001. Elevated hsCRP levels \u2265 2.0 mg\/L, considered risky for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), were found in 41.0% of OC-users and 9.5% of non-OC-users, OR = 6.6, 95%CI 3.5\u201312.4, p &lt; 0.001. Hydroperoxides were strongly positively correlated to hsCRP in all women (rs = 0.622, p &lt; 0.001), in OC-users (rs = 0.442, p &lt; 0.001), and in non-OC-users (rs = 0.426, p &lt; 0.001). Women with hydroperoxides \u2265 400 FORT Units were eight times as likely to have hsCRP \u2265 2 mg\/L. In non-OC-users only, hydroperoxides values were positively correlated with weight and body mass index, but negatively correlated with red meat, fish and chocolate consumption. Our research is the first finding a strong positive correlation of serum hydroperoxides with hsCRP, a marker of low-grade chronic inflammation, in young healthy women. Further research is needed to elucidate the potential role of these two biomarkers in OC-use associated side-effects, like thromboembolism and other CVDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26041070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T20:56:21Z","timestamp":1613681781000},"page":"1070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Oxidative Stress Is Increased in Combined Oral Contraceptives Users and Is Positively Associated with High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sabina","family":"Cauci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9756-0511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Xodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinics, Maternal and Child Department, Santa Maria della Misericordia University-Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4480-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Buligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University-Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Colaninno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Barbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Barbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia University-Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7892-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Francescato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12455","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of venous thrombosis risk among users of combined oral contraception","volume":"141","author":"Dragoman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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