{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:25:17Z","timestamp":1792013117643,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2019R1A2C2085739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1A2C2085739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A4A2002894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A4A2002894"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium uric acid (MSU) crystals in tissues. The etiology of gout is directly linked to the NLRP3 inflammasome, since MSU crystals are NLRP3 inflammasome activators. Therefore, we decided to search for a small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the prevention of gout inflammation. We found that loganin suppressed MSU crystals-induced caspase-1 (p20) and interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 production and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) specks formation in mouse primary macrophages, showing its ability to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome. In an air pouch inflammation model, oral administration of loganin to mice prevented MSU crystals-induced production of mature IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 in air pouch exudates, resulting in decreased neutrophil recruitment. Furthermore, oral administration of loganin suppressed MSU crystals-induced gout inflammation in a mouse foot gout model, which was accompanied by the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Loganin blocked de novo synthesis of mitochondrial DNA in air pouches and foot tissues injected with MSU crystals. Consistently, loganin prevented MSU crystals-induced mitochondrial damage in macrophages, as it increased mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased the amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. These data demonstrate that loganin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting mitochondrial stress. These results suggest a novel pharmacological strategy to prevent gout inflammation by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26041071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T20:56:21Z","timestamp":1613681781000},"page":"1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Loganin Alleviates Gout Inflammation by Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Mitochondrial Damage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nuri","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9158-6531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabsik","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk 553382, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Hyeon","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0696-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han Chang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1107-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Yeon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1055-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Suk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6020-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joo Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2231","article-title":"Sensing and reacting to microbes through the inflammasomes","volume":"13","author":"Franchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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