{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T09:20:58Z","timestamp":1770456058571,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSA6180082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSA6180082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSA6280058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSA6280058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DBG6080005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DBG6080005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRN61W0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRN61W0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"The Central Instrument Facility, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colorectal cancer is a common cancer worldwide and reduced expression of the DNA repair endonuclease XPF (xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F) is associated with colorectal cancer. Bacopa monnieri extracts were previously found to exhibit chemical-genetic synthetic lethal effects in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model of colorectal cancer lacking Rad1p, a structural and functional homologue of human XPF. However, the mechanisms for B. monnieri extracts to limit proliferation and promote an apoptosis-like event in RAD1 deleted yeast was not elucidated. Our current analysis has revealed that B. monnieri extracts have the capacity to promote mutations in rad1\u2206 cells. In addition, the effects of B. monnieri extracts on rad1\u2206 yeast is linked to disruption of the vacuole, similar to the mammalian lysosome. The absence of RAD1 in yeast sensitizes cells to the effects of vacuole disruption and the release of proteases. The combined effect of increased DNA mutations and release of vacuolar contents appears to induce an apoptosis-like event that is dependent on the meta-caspase Yca1p. The toxicity of B. monnieri extracts is linked to sterol content, suggesting saponins may be involved in limiting the proliferation of yeast cells. Analysis of major constituents from B. monnieri identified a chemical-genetic interaction between bacopasaponin C and rad1\u2206 yeast. Bacopasaponin C may have potential as a drug candidate or serve as a model for the development of analogs for the treatment of colorectal cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26051207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T02:36:13Z","timestamp":1614220573000},"page":"1207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chemical-Genetic Interactions of Bacopa monnieri Constituents in Cells Deficient for the DNA Repair Endonuclease RAD1 Appear Linked to Vacuolar Disruption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Chananya","family":"Huangteerakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsu Mon","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thitipa","family":"Thosapornvichai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Duangkaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amornrat Naranuntarat","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4062-2632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suchada","family":"Sukrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4415-8489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kornkanok","family":"Ingkaninan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laran T.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1159\/000323926","article-title":"Colon cancer: A civilization disorder","volume":"29","author":"Watson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig. 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