{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:46:59Z","timestamp":1791298019228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of various types of fixed prostheses on periodontal tissues and explore the association of gingival biotype and gum recession in relation to prosthesis types. The study participants (N = 95) were divided into three groups based on the type of dental prosthesis: Group-I: cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) ceramic prosthesis fabricated by the conventional method (n = 35); Group-II: consisted of patients with Co-Cr ceramic prostheses fabricated by a computer-aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD\/CAM) technique (n = 30); and Group-III: zirconia-based prostheses fabricated by the CAD\/CAM technique (n = 30). Following the use of prostheses, periodontal examinations were performed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Modified Approximal Plaque Index (MAPI). In addition, the gingival biotype was examined using a probe transparency method. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 20 (IBM Company, Chicago, IL, USA), was used to analyze the results, and the significance level was set at p = 0.05. It showed the MAPI results after the use of prosthetic rehabilitation for 12 months of periodontitis in 87.9% \u00b1 15.4 of patients in Group-I, in 80.6% \u00b1 17.97 in those in Group-II, and in 62.5% \u00b1 21.4 in those in Group-III (p &lt; 0.01). The CPI index results indicated a high prevalence of periodontal disease in all groups. The number of people with healthy periodontium constituted 17.1% of patients in Group-I, 24.2% in Group-II, and 37.1% in Group-III. Our study concluded that prosthetic treatment with periodontal diseases showed better outcomes while using dental prostheses fabricated by the CAD\/CAM technique compared to the conventionally fabricated dental prostheses. The thin gingival biotype is more often associated with gingival recession than the thick biotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26051331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T10:36:37Z","timestamp":1614681397000},"page":"1331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Characteristics of Periodontal Tissues in Prosthetic Treatment with Fixed Dental Prostheses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Avetisyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Street Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Markaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Street Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3854-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh","family":"Rokaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Roberto","family":"Tovani-Palone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5157-7067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Sohail","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7998-7335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohaib","family":"Khurshid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Vardanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Street Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8329-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artak","family":"Heboyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Street Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S1596","article-title":"The stomatognathic system in the elderly. 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