{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T05:02:57Z","timestamp":1764997377502,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU project","award":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I004\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I004\/16"]}]},{"name":"Program &quot;Excellence Initiative - Research University&quot; at the Jagiellonian University","award":["n.a."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.a."]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POIG.02.01.00-12-023\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIG.02.01.00-12-023\/08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde in a water\u2013ethanol mixture using the adapted St\u00f6ber method was used to obtain resol resins. An optimization of synthesis conditions and the use of an appropriate stabilizer (e.g., poly(vinyl alcohol)) resulted in spherical grains. The resins were carbonized in the temperature range of 600\u20131050 \u00b0C and then chemically activated in an aqueous HNO3 solution, gaseous ammonia, or by an oxidation\u2013reduction cycle (soaking in a HNO3 solution followed by treatment with NH3). The obtained carbons were characterized by XRD, the low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen, SEM, TGA, and XPS in order to determine degree of graphitization, porosity, shape and size of particles, and surface composition, respectively. Finally, the materials were tested in phenol adsorption. The pseudo-second order model perfectly described the adsorption kinetics. A clear correlation between the micropore volume and the adsorption capacity was found. The content of graphite domains also had a positive effect on the adsorption properties. On the other hand, the presence of heteroatoms, especially oxygen groups, resulted in the clogging of the pores and a decrease in the amount of adsorbed phenol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26061736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T11:18:38Z","timestamp":1616152718000},"page":"1736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tailoring Properties of Resol Resin-Derived Spherical Carbons for Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0667-878X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Sidor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1649-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Berniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3883-9349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"\u0141\u0105tka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8397-4422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Rokici\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5033-2589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Michalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geological Science, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3a, 30-387 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8496-0559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Ku\u015btrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karpi\u0144ska, J., and Kotowska, U. 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