{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:10:06Z","timestamp":1780513806335,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Forest Service (Korea Forestry Promotion Institute)","award":["FTIS2016010B10-1919-AB01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FTIS2016010B10-1919-AB01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Phytoncide is known to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Purpose: This study was carried out to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of two types of phytoncide extracts from pinecone waste. Methods: We made two types of animal models to evaluate the efficacy, an indomethacin-induced gastroenteritis rat model and a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Result: In the gastroenteritis experiment, the expression of induced-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a marker for inflammation, decreased in the phytoncide-supplemented groups, and gastric ulcer development was significantly inhibited (p &lt; 0.05). In the colitis experiment, the shortening of the colon length and the iNOS expression were significantly suppressed in the phytoncide-supplemented group (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Through this study, we confirmed that phytoncide can directly inhibit inflammation in digestive organs. Although further research is needed, we conclude that phytoncide has potential anti-inflammatory properties in the digestive tract and can be developed as a functional agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T22:09:01Z","timestamp":1616969341000},"page":"1895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Phytoncide in an Animal Model of Gastrointestinal Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4971-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azra","family":"Memon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bae Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, Phylus Co., LTD., Danyang-gun 27000, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se-eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliya","family":"Pyao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9133-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong-Geun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0790-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Chan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woon Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.21907","article-title":"Approaches to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the high-risk patient","volume":"120","author":"Laine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenerology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1156827","article-title":"The microbiota-derived metabolite indole decreases mucosal inflammation and injury in a murine model of NSAID enteropathy","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1159\/000489301","article-title":"Diaphragm disease: NSAID-induced small bowel stricture","volume":"12","author":"Grattan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep. 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