{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:50:00Z","timestamp":1790621400354,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["18K09797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K09797"]}]},{"name":"The Novartis Foundation (Japan) for the Promotion of Science","award":["2921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2921"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the anti-tumor and anti-infective properties of \u03b2-glucans have been well-discussed, their role in bone metabolism has not been reviewed so far. This review discusses the biological effects of \u03b2-glucans on bone metabolisms, especially on bone-resorbing osteoclasts, which are differentiated from hematopoietic precursors. Multiple immunoreceptors that can recognize \u03b2-glucans were reported to be expressed in osteoclast precursors. Coordinated co-stimulatory signals mediated by these immunoreceptors are important for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling. Curdlan from the bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation in vitro by affecting both the osteoclast precursors and osteoclast-supporting cells. We also showed that laminarin, lichenan, and glucan from baker\u2019s yeast, as well as \u03b2-1,3-glucan from Euglema gracilisas, inhibit the osteoclast formation in bone marrow cells. Consistent with these findings, systemic and local administration of \u03b2-glucan derived from Aureobasidium pullulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppressed bone resorption in vivo. However, zymosan derived from S. cerevisiae stimulated the bone resorption activity and is widely used to induce arthritis in animal models. Additional research concerning the relationship between the molecular structure of \u03b2-glucan and its effect on osteoclastic bone resorption will be beneficial for the development of novel treatment strategies for bone-related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T10:44:01Z","timestamp":1617273841000},"page":"1982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Biological Effects of \u03b2-Glucans on Osteoclastogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6533-5683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wataru","family":"Ariyoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiika","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan"},{"name":"School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshie","family":"Nagai-Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00233-4","article-title":"Fungal beta-glucans and mammalian immunity","volume":"19","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4963","article-title":"Skin health promotion effects of natural beta-glucan derived from cereals and microorganisms: A review","volume":"28","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytother. 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