{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:16:32Z","timestamp":1783545392122,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82002001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82002001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180530004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180530004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Project of Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Security in China","award":["GABFYBL201804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GABFYBL201804"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic alcohol consumption leads to myocardial injury, ventricle dilation, and cardiac dysfunction, which is defined as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). To explore the induced myocardial injury and underlying mechanism of ACM, the Liber-DeCarli liquid diet was used to establish an animal model of ACM and histopathology, echocardiography, molecular biology, and metabolomics were employed. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson\u2019s trichrome staining revealed disordered myocardial structure and local fibrosis in the ACM group. Echocardiography revealed thinning wall and dilation of the left ventricle and decreased cardiac function in the ACM group, with increased serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and expression of myocardial BNP mRNA measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Through metabolomic analysis of myocardium specimens, 297 differentially expressed metabolites were identified which were involved in KEGG pathways related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin digestion and absorption, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism. The present study demonstrated chronic alcohol consumption caused disordered cardiomyocyte structure, thinning and dilation of the left ventricle, and decreased cardiac function. Metabolomic analysis of myocardium specimens and KEGG enrichment analysis further demonstrated that several differentially expressed metabolites and pathways were involved in the ACM group, which suggests potential causes of myocardial injury due to chronic alcohol exposure and provides insight for further research elucidating the underlying mechanisms of ACM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T05:52:00Z","timestamp":1618206720000},"page":"2177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Pilot Metabolomic Study on Myocardial Injury Caused by Chronic Alcohol Consumption\u2014Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4275-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6083-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoli","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meihui","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14069","article-title":"AIN-93 Diet as an alternative model to Lieber-DeCarli diet for alcoholic cardiomyopathy","volume":"43","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. 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