{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:52:49Z","timestamp":1791928369837,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amygdalin (d-Mandelonitrile 6-O-\u03b2-d-glucosido-\u03b2-d-glucoside) is a natural cyanogenic glycoside occurring in the seeds of some edible plants, such as bitter almonds and peaches. It is a medically interesting but controversial compound as it has anticancer activity on one hand and can be toxic via enzymatic degradation and production of hydrogen cyanide on the other hand. Despite numerous contributions on cancer cell lines, the clinical evidence for the anticancer activity of amygdalin is not fully confirmed. Moreover, high dose exposures to amygdalin can produce cyanide toxicity. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on the sources, toxicity and anticancer properties of amygdalin, and analytical methods for its determination in plant seeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T22:55:09Z","timestamp":1618354509000},"page":"2253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Amygdalin: Toxicity, Anticancer Activity and Analytical Procedures for Its Determination in Plant Seeds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ewa","family":"Jaszczak-Wilke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11\/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0865-5231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017baneta","family":"Polkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11\/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0122-1326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Koprowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9053-3315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Owsianik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0286-5238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyson E.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5981-551X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Ba\u0142czewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan D\u0142ugosz University in Cz\u0119stochowa, Armii Krajowej 13\/15, 42-200 Cz\u0119stochowa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105187","article-title":"Urban-associated diseases: Candidate diseases, environmental risk factors, and a path forward","volume":"133","author":"Flies","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. 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