{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:21:27Z","timestamp":1791404487606,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputy for research &amp; Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number RDO-2002.","award":["RDO-2002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDO-2002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive cancer with high microvascular proliferation, resulting in accelerated invasion and diffused infiltration into the surrounding brain tissues with very low survival rates. Treatment options are often multimodal, such as surgical resection with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The development of resistance of tumor cells to radiation in the areas of hypoxia decreases the efficiency of such treatments. Additionally, the difficulty of ensuring drugs effectively cross the natural blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) substantially reduces treatment efficiency. These conditions concomitantly limit the efficacy of standard chemotherapeutic agents available for GB. Indeed, there is an urgent need of a multifunctional drug vehicle system that has potential to transport anticancer drugs efficiently to the target and can successfully cross the BBB. In this review, we summarize some nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics attached to GB cells with antigens and membrane receptors for site-directed drug targeting. Such multicore drug delivery systems are potentially biodegradable, site-directed, nontoxic to normal cells and offer long-lasting therapeutic effects against brain cancer. These models could have better therapeutic potential for GB as well as efficient drug delivery reaching the tumor milieu. The goal of this article is to provide key considerations and a better understanding of the development of nanotherapeutics with good targetability and better tolerability in the fight against GB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T04:21:08Z","timestamp":1618374068000},"page":"2262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Insights into Multifunctional Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Glioblastoma Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mohd","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subuhi","family":"Sherwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saif","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3443-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sultan","family":"Alouffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0144-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Al-Motair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahper","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1545-1","article-title":"The 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: A summary","volume":"131","author":"Louis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0b013e318244d8ae","article-title":"Novel delivery strategies for glioblastoma","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1517\/14728220902942348","article-title":"Glioblastoma multiforme: A review of therapeutic targets","volume":"13","author":"Kanu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin. 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