{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:07:54Z","timestamp":1788466074408,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rosa webbiana L. (Rosaceae) is one of the least reported and most understudied members of this family. It is native to the Himalayan regions of Pakistan and Nepal. The anti-convulsant effect of n-hexane extract of fruit of Rosa webbiana was investigated in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced animal model of epilepsy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 7) including control, PTZ (40 mg\/kg), diazepam (4 mg\/kg) and n-hexane extract (at 50, 150 and 300 mg\/kg). Convulsive behavior was observed and resultant seizures were scored, animals sacrificed and their brains preserved. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation method and characterized by UV-analysis, zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of all the treatments on the expression of phosphorylated cytokine tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (p-TNF-\u03b1) and phosphorylated transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-\u03baB) expression in the cortex and hippocampus of the brains of treated rats were studied through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and morphological differences and surviving neuronal number were recorded through hematoxylene and eosin (H&amp;E) staining. Significant changes in seizures score and survival rate of rats were observed. Downregulation of neuro-inflammation, p-TNF-\u03b1 and p-NF-\u03baB was evident. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of this fraction showed multiple constituents of interest, including esters, alkanes and amines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T06:35:53Z","timestamp":1618814153000},"page":"2347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Contribution of Attenuation of TNF-\u03b1 and NF-\u03baB in the Anti-Epileptic, Anti-Apoptotic and Neuroprotective Potential of Rosa webbiana Fruit and Its Chitosan Encapsulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anum","family":"Firdous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmacognosy, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmacognosy, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6565-2008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fawad Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobia","family":"Tabasum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3753-034X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alam","family":"Zeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmaceutics, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humaira","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6950-0092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abir","family":"Alamro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7251-1972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amani Ahmed","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4719-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arooj Mohsin","family":"Alvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8913-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Komal","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2983-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Sohaib","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmacognosy, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2019.101664","article-title":"microRNA dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review","volume":"182","author":"Drake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. 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