{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:33:08Z","timestamp":1792204388184,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":340,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melatonin is a pleotropic molecule with numerous biological activities. Epidemiological and experimental studies have documented that melatonin could inhibit different types of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Results showed the involvement of melatonin in different anticancer mechanisms including apoptosis induction, cell proliferation inhibition, reduction in tumor growth and metastases, reduction in the side effects associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, decreasing drug resistance in cancer therapy, and augmentation of the therapeutic effects of conventional anticancer therapies. Clinical trials revealed that melatonin is an effective adjuvant drug to all conventional therapies. This review summarized melatonin biosynthesis, availability from natural sources, metabolism, bioavailability, anticancer mechanisms of melatonin, its use in clinical trials, and pharmaceutical formulation. Studies discussed in this review will provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to design and develop new therapies to treat and prevent cancer using melatonin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T22:31:39Z","timestamp":1619389899000},"page":"2506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1942-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wamidh H.","family":"Talib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Riyad","family":"Alsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Abuawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1958-6534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safa","family":"Daoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma Ismail","family":"Mahmod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talib, W.H. 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