{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T22:05:01Z","timestamp":1781215501312,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n de la Ciencia y la Tecnolog\u00eda","award":["PICT 2099\/1745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2099\/1745"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Nacional de Quilmes","award":["1310\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1310\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The circadian clock at the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) entrains output rhythms to 24-h light cycles. To entrain by phase-advances, light signaling at the end of subjective night (circadian time 18, CT18) requires free radical nitric oxide (NO\u2022) binding to soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) heme group, activating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Phase-delays at CT14 seem to be independent of NO\u2022, whose redox-related species were yet to be investigated. Here, the one-electron reduction of NO\u2022 nitroxyl was pharmacologically delivered by Angeli\u2019s salt (AS) donor to assess its modulation on phase-resetting of locomotor rhythms in hamsters. Intracerebroventricular AS generated nitroxyl at the SCN, promoting phase-delays at CT14, but potentiated light-induced phase-advances at CT18. Glutathione\/glutathione disulfide (GSH\/GSSG) couple measured in SCN homogenates showed higher values at CT14 (i.e., more reduced) than at CT18 (oxidized). In addition, administration of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and GSH induced delays per se at CT14 but did not affect light-induced advances at CT18. Thus, the relative of NO\u2022 nitroxyl generates phase-delays in a reductive SCN environment, while an oxidative favors photic-advances. These data suggest that circadian phase-locking mechanisms should include redox SCN environment, generating relatives of NO\u2022, as well as coupling with the molecular oscillator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T02:31:43Z","timestamp":1619490703000},"page":"2514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Redox and Antioxidant Modulation of Circadian Rhythms: Effects of Nitroxyl, N-Acetylcysteine and Glutathione"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7984-8826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago Andr\u00e9s","family":"Plano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1107CABA Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Mart\u00edn","family":"Baidanoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Cronobiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Roque S\u00e1enz Pe\u00f1a 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Luc\u00eda","family":"Trebucq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Cronobiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Roque S\u00e1enz Pe\u00f1a 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0236-5743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n \u00c1ngel","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Inorg\u00e1nica, Anal\u00edtica y Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica\/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Doctorovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Inorg\u00e1nica, Anal\u00edtica y Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica\/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6291-5586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Andr\u00e9s","family":"Golombek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Cronobiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Roque S\u00e1enz Pe\u00f1a 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Chiesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Cronobiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Roque S\u00e1enz Pe\u00f1a 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01225-4","article-title":"A Web of Circadian Pacemakers","volume":"111","author":"Schibler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hegazi, S., Lowden, C., Garcia, J.R., Cheng, A.H., Obrietan, K., Levine, J.D., and Cheng, H.-Y.M. 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